Objective: The objective of this review is to investigate the short- and long-term effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on cardiovascular function and its regulators in the nervous and endocrine systems.
Introduction: A variety of pharmacological and lifestyle-based treatments are used to prevent or treat vascular diseases, yet vascular disease underpins the top 2 causes of death worldwide. There is a need for more preventative and therapeutic interventions in the management and prevention of vascular disease that are compatible with existing interventions.