PRKAG2.2 is essential for FoxA1 regulatory T cell differentiation and metabolic rewiring distinct from FoxP3 regulatory T cells.

Forkhead box A1 (FoxA1) regulatory T cells (T) exhibit distinct characteristics from FoxP3 T while equally effective in exerting anti-inflammatory properties. The role of FoxP3 T in vivo has been challenged, motivating a better understanding of other T in modulating hyperactive immune responses. FoxA1 T are generated on activation of the transcription factor FoxA1 by interferon-β (IFNβ), an anti-inflammatory cytokine.

Characterization of the functional and transcriptomic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on human EndoC-βH5 beta cells.

Objective: EndoC-βH5 is a newly established human beta-cell model which may be superior to previous model systems. Exposure of beta cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines is widely used when studying immune-mediated beta-cell failure in type 1 diabetes. We therefore performed an in-depth characterization of the effects of cytokines on EndoC-βH5 cells.

The naturally occurring GIP(1-30)NH2 is a GIP receptor agonist in humans.

Objective: The gut hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an important regulator of glucose and bone metabolism. In rodents, the naturally occurring GIP variant, GIP(1-30)NH2, has shown similar effects as full-length GIP (GIP(1-42)), but its effects in humans are unsettled. Here, we investigated the actions of GIP(1-30)NH2 compared to GIP(1-42) on glucose and bone metabolism in healthy men and in isolated human pancreatic islets.