Equity factors in pediatric transplant listing: Initial findings from a single center review.

Background: In order to improve transparency within the patient selection process, a transplant listing advisory committee was formed within the Boston Children's Hospital Pediatric Transplant Center. Its mission is to promote equity in access to organ transplantation by ensuring that the institutional transplant selection criteria are fair, unbiased, and nondiscriminatory. The committee conducts comprehensive case and data review of individual characteristics and reviews in aggregate to identify potential systems bias.

Effects of videogame distraction using a virtual reality type head-mounted display helmet on cold pressor pain in children.

Objective: To test whether a head-mounted display helmet enhances the effectiveness of videogame distraction for children experiencing cold pressor pain.

Method: Forty-one children, aged 6-14 years, underwent one or two baseline cold pressor trials followed by two distraction trials in which they played the same videogame with and without the helmet in counterbalanced order. Pain threshold (elapsed time until the child reported pain) and pain tolerance (total time the child kept the hand submerged in the cold water) were measured for each cold pressor trial.

Evidence-based assessment of pediatric pain.

Objective: To conduct an evidence-based review of pediatric pain measures.

Methods: Seventeen measures were examined, spanning pain intensity self-report, questionnaires and diaries, and behavioral observations. Measures were classified as "Well-established," "Approaching well-established," or "Promising" according to established criteria.

Active and passive distraction using a head-mounted display helmet: effects on cold pressor pain in children.

Objective: The current study tested the effectiveness of interactive versus passive distraction that was delivered via a virtual reality type head-mounted display helmet for children experiencing cold pressor pain.

Design: Forty children, aged 5 to 13 years, underwent 1 or 2 baseline cold pressor trials followed by interactive distraction and passive distraction trials in counterbalanced order.

Main Outcome Measures: Pain threshold and pain tolerance.