Social inequity in chiropractic utilisation - a cross-sectional study in Denmark, 2010 and 2017.

Background: Inequity in healthcare utilisation refers to differences between groups that remain after adjustment for need for health care. To our knowledge, no previous studies have aimed to assess social inequity in chiropractic utilisation in a general population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate social inequity in chiropractic utilisation in the general Danish population adjusted for health status as a proxy of need for chiropractic care.

Association between travel distance and face-to-face consultations with general practitioners before an incident acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide register-based spatial epidemiological study.

Objectives: This study examined the association between travel distance to the general practitioner's (GP) office and face-to-face GP consultation within 1 year before an incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Design: A prospective cohort study using multilevel spatial logistic regression analysis of nationwide register data.

Setting: Nationwide study including contacts to GPs in Denmark prior to an incident AMI in 2005-2017.

Development of geographic inequality in dental caries and its association with socioeconomic factors over an 18-year period in Denmark.

Background: Few studies have examined the development of geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in caries over time or have simultaneously assessed individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and neighborhood-level factors as a multi-layered phenomenon influencing caries inequalities. This study examined (i) the trends in geographic inequalities in caries among adolescents in Denmark and (ii) how the association between SEP and caries has progressed over time, when accounting for individual and neighborhood-level confounding factors.

Methods: This nationwide repeated cross-sectional study included 15-year-olds in Denmark from 1995, 2003, and 2013 (n = 149,808).

Geographical inequalities in the decreasing 28-day mortality following incident acute myocardial infarction: a Danish register-based cohort study, 1987-2016.

Background: Mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has decreased in western countries for decades; however, it remains unknown whether the decrease is distributed equally across the population independently of residential location. This study investigated whether the observed decreasing 28-day mortality following an incident AMI in Denmark from 1987 to 2016 varied geographically at municipality level after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: A register-based cohort study design was used to investigate 28-day mortality among individuals with an incident AMI.

Helicopter emergency medical services missions to islands and the mainland during a 3-year period in Denmark: a population-based study on patient and sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, and use of healthcare services.

Background: The Danish Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) is part of the Danish Emergency Medical Services System serving 5.7 million citizens with 1% living on islands not connected to the mainland by road. HEMS is dispatched based on pre-defined criteria including severity and urgency, and moreover to islands for less urgent cases, when rapid transport to further care is needed.

Joint mapping of cardiovascular diseases: comparing the geographic patterns in incident acute myocardial infarction, stroke and atrial fibrillation, a Danish register-based cohort study 2014-15.

Background: Disease mapping aims at identifying geographic patterns in disease. This may provide a better understanding of disease aetiology and risk factors as well as enable targeted prevention and allocation of resources. Joint mapping of multiple diseases may lead to improved insights since e.

Geographical variation and clustering are found in atrial fibrillation beyond socioeconomic differences: a Danish cohort study, 1987-2015.

Background: The prevalence and incidence rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) increase worldwide and AF is a risk factor for more adverse cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Approximately 44% of AF cases cannot be explained by common individual risk factors and risk might therefore also be related to the environment. By studying geographical variation and clustering in risk of incident AF adjusted for socioeconomic position at an individual level, potential neighbourhood risk factors could be revealed.

Acute myocardial infarction: Does survival depend on geographical location and social background?

Aims: This study described the interplay between geographical and social inequalities in survival after incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and examined whether geographical variation in survival exists when accounting for sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and their neighbourhood.

Methods: Ringmap visualization and generalized linear models were performed to study post-AMI mortality. Three individual-level analyses were conducted: immediate case fatality, mortality between days 1 and 28 after admission and 365-day survival among patients who survived 28 days after admission.

Improving the cost-effectiveness of laypersons' paediatric basic life support skills training: A randomised non-inferiority study.

Aim: To compare dyad (training in pairs without an instructor) with resource-intensive instructor-led training for laypersons' paediatric resuscitation skills in a non-inferiority trial and examine cost-effectiveness of the training methods.

Methods: In this randomised parallel group non-inferiority trial, 155 dyad and 175 instructor-led laypersons were trained in Basic Life Support and Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Management. Dyads were given instructional videos, hands-on exercises and provided feedback to their partner for 50 min.

Geographical inequalities in acute myocardial infarction beyond neighbourhood-level and individual-level sociodemographic characteristics: a Danish 10-year nationwide population-based cohort study.

Objective: This study examined whether geographical patterns in incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were explained by neighbourhood-level and individual-level sociodemographic characteristics.

Design: An open cohort study design of AMI-free adults (age ≥30 years) with a residential location in Denmark in 2005-2014 was used based on nationwide administrative population and health register data linked by the unique personal identification number. Poisson regression of AMI incidence rates (IRs) with a geographical random effect component was performed using a Bayesian approach.

Small-scale geographical variation in multiple sclerosis: A case-control study using Danish register data 1971-2013.

Background: The aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely unknown, but commonly assumed to be a complex interaction between genes and environmental exposures, presumably during early life. To evaluate the possible importance and timing of environmental exposures we investigated the spatial variation in the risk of MS in Denmark according to residence at birth, age 15, and clinical onset of disease.

Methods: We carried out a nationwide, register-based case-control study including 12 993 Danish MS cases with onset of disease 1971-2013.

Mortality in Danish Swine herds: Spatio-temporal clusters and risk factors.

The aim of this study was to explore spatio-temporal mortality patterns in Danish swine herds from December 2013 to October 2015, and to discuss the use of mortality data for syndromic surveillance in Denmark. Although it has previously been assessed within the context of syndromic surveillance, the value of mortality data generated on a regular and mandatory basis from all swine herds remains unexplored in terms of swine surveillance in Denmark. A total of 5010 farms were included in the analysis, corresponding to 1896 weaner herds, 1490 sow herds and 3839 finisher herds.

Geographical variation in a fatal outcome of acute myocardial infarction and association with contact to a general practitioner.

Background: Geographical variation in incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is present in Denmark. We aimed at examining the association between contact to a general practitioner (GP) the year before AMI and a fatal outcome of AMI.

Methods: Register-based data and individual-level addresses including 69,608 individuals with AMI in 2006-2011.

Spatial pattern in prevalence of paratuberculosis infection diagnosed with misclassification in Danish dairy herds in 2009 and 2013.

Paratuberculosis is a chronic infection of economic importance to the dairy industry. The infection may be latent for years, which makes diagnostic misclassification a general challenge. The objective of this study was to identify the spatial pattern in infection prevalence, when results were adjusted for covariate information and diagnostic misclassification.

Estimating range of influence in case of missing spatial data: a simulation study on binary data.

Background: The range of influence refers to the average distance between locations at which the observed outcome is no longer correlated. In many studies, missing data occur and a popular tool for handling missing data is multiple imputation. The objective of this study was to investigate how the estimated range of influence is affected when 1) the outcome is only observed at some of a given set of locations, and 2) multiple imputation is used to impute the outcome at the non-observed locations.

Spatial correlation in Bayesian logistic regression with misclassification.

Standard logistic regression assumes that the outcome is measured perfectly. In practice, this is often not the case, which could lead to biased estimates if not accounted for. This study presents Bayesian logistic regression with adjustment for misclassification of the outcome applied to data with spatial correlation.

Birth weight, childhood body mass index, and height in relation to mammographic density and breast cancer: a register-based cohort study.

Introduction: High breast density, a strong predictor of breast cancer may be determined early in life. Childhood anthropometric factors have been related to breast cancer and breast density, but rarely simultaneously. We examined whether mammographic density (MD) mediates an association of birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), and height with the risk of breast cancer.

Spatial differences in occurrence of paratuberculosis in Danish dairy herds and in control programme participation.

Paratuberculosis is a chronic infection of economic importance to the cattle industry and a voluntary control programme is offered to Danish dairy farmers. Our objective was to evaluate spatial differences in both control programme participation and paratuberculosis prevalence in Denmark. The study included 4414 dairy herds: 1249 were participating in the control programme, and 1503 were tested for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subsp.

Trends in sickness absence in Denmark.

Objective: Based on the prevailing view that it has become a more common behavior, sickness absence is -presently a topic of considerable concern in many European countries. Using sickness absence data from Denmark, we aimed to show whether this assumption holds true or not.

Methods: We used a linear regression analysis to analyze time trends in sickness absence based on datasets from the Danish Employers Confederation, the State Employer's Authority, the Labour Force Survey, and Statistics Denmark.

Performance of systematic and non-systematic ('opportunistic') screening mammography: a comparative study from Denmark.

Objectives: Evaluation and comparison of the performance of organized and opportunistic screening mammography.

Methods: Women attending screening mammography in Denmark in 2000. The study included 37,072 women attending organized screening.

Sibship characteristics and risk of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark.

It has been hypothesized that age at infection with a common microbial agent may be associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). The authors addressed this hypothesis by using number of older siblings and other sibship characteristics as an approximation of age at exposure to common infections. Data on family characteristics and vital status from the Danish Civil Registration System were used to establish a cohort of all Danes whose mothers had been born in Denmark since 1935.

Childhood infections and risk of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis has been hypothesized to be the result from an aberrant immune response possibly triggered by delayed exposure to a common childhood infection. Because the vast majority of previous studies testing this hypothesis have been based on a history of childhood infections recalled years to decades later in adulthood, we investigated whether age at six common childhood infections was associated with risk of multiple sclerosis, using information recalled in the childhood of a historical cohort of school children in Denmark. Cases included all individuals with multiple sclerosis in the country born between 1940 and 1975, who had attended school in the capital, Copenhagen.

Intussusception in early childhood: a cohort study of 1.7 million children.

Objective: To describe incidence and temporal trends of intussusceptions in Danish children during 1980 to 2001.

Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted of 1.67 million children who were younger than 5 years during 1980 to 2001 and were followed up for 6.