Rowing: sport-specific concerns for the team physician.

Rowing injuries occur mostly from overuse and are seen primarily in the back, rib, knee, and forearm. Many of these have a specific cause owing to the mechanics of the rowing stroke, which are discussed, as are sport-specific treatment strategies. Also discussed are specific injuries sustained on the rowing machine, emergency issues, and special population concerns.

Thoracic region pain in athletes.

Pain in the thoracic region in athletes is more commonly from the thorax than from the thoracic spine. Although the thoracic spine is well protected from motion by the ribs, the chest wall and surrounding muscles are vulnerable to both overuse and acute injury in athletes. These injuries to muscle and bone include stress fractures, muscle strains, and avulsions.

Tibial stress injuries: decisive diagnosis and treatment of 'shin splints'.

Tibial stress injuries, commonly called 'shin splints,' often result when bone remodeling processes adapt inadequately to repetitive stress. Physicians who care for athletic patients need a thorough understanding of this continuum of injuries, including medial tibial stress syndrome and tibial stress fractures, because there are implications for appropriate diagnosis, management, and prevention.