Publications by authors named "Kristine A Frerichs"

Article Synopsis
  • Bispecific antibodies teclistamab and talquetamab show effectiveness against multiple myeloma, but their mechanisms of resistance remain unclear.
  • In laboratory studies on patients' bone marrow samples, the success of these treatments was linked to the balance of T cells and regulatory T cells in the samples.
  • Resistance to BsAb treatment indicates issues like low ratios of T-cells to myeloma cells and immunosuppression from Tregs, which hinder T-cell activity and reduce treatment efficacy.
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Article Synopsis
  • Teclistamab, a bispecific antibody targeting BCMA, shows strong effectiveness in patients with multiple myeloma but leads to a high incidence of infections due to its impact on the immune system.
  • The treatment results in rapid depletion of B cells and significantly lowers levels of various immunoglobulins, impairing patients' ability to respond to vaccines.
  • Utilizing intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can reduce the risk of serious infections in patients on teclistamab, highlighting the importance of immunoglobulin support in managing these patients' immune health.
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Background: HexaBody®-CD38 (GEN3014) is a hexamerization-enhanced human IgG1 that binds CD38 with high affinity. The E430G mutation in its Fc domain facilitates the natural process of antibody hexamer formation upon binding to the cell surface, resulting in increased binding of C1q and potentiated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).

Methods: Co-crystallization studies were performed to identify the binding interface of HexaBody-CD38 and CD38.

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The CD38-targeting antibody daratumumab has marked activity in multiple myeloma (MM). Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role during daratumumab therapy by mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity via their FcγRIII receptor (CD16), but they are also rapidly decreased following initiation of daratumumab treatment. We characterized the NK cell phenotype at baseline and during daratumumab monotherapy by flow cytometry and cytometry by time of flight to assess its impact on response and development of resistance (DARA-ATRA study; NCT02751255).

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Despite the high remission rates achieved using T cells bearing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against hematogical malignancies, there is still a considerable proportion of patients who eventually experience tumor relapse. Clinical studies have established that mechanisms of treatment failure include the down-regulation of target antigen expression and the limited persistence of effective CAR T cells. We hypothesized that dual targeting mediated by a CAR and a chimeric costimulatory receptor (CCR) could simultaneously enhance T cell cytotoxicity and improve durability.

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Multiple myeloma (MM) patients eventually develop multi-drug-resistant disease with poor survival. Hence, the development of novel treatment strategies is of great importance. Recently, different classes of immunotherapeutic agents have shown great promise in heavily pre-treated MM, including T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies (BsAbs).

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The efficacy of daratumumab depends partially on CD38 expression on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We have previously shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) upregulates CD38 expression and reverts daratumumab-resistance ex vivo. We therefore evaluated the optimal dose, efficacy, and safety of daratumumab combined with ATRA in patients with daratumumab-refractory MM in a phase 1/2 study (NCT02751255).

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Daratumumab is active both as a single agent and in combination with other agents in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, the majority of patients will develop daratumumab-refractory disease, which carries a poor prognosis. Since daratumumab also has immunomodulatory effects, addition of the PD-L1 blocking antibody durvalumab at the time of progression may reverse daratumumab-resistance.

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Article Synopsis
  • GPRC5D is a protein found in higher levels on multiple myeloma (MM) cells than on normal cells, making it a potential target for new cancer treatments.
  • The bispecific antibody talquetamab can effectively kill GPRC5D+ MM cells when used with T cells from both healthy individuals and MM patients, showing promising anti-cancer activity even in difficult cases.
  • Factors like a high ratio of effector T cells to target MM cells enhance talquetamab's effectiveness, while certain T cell characteristics and interactions with bone marrow cells can reduce its anti-myeloma activity; ongoing studies are exploring its use in treating relapsed/refractory MM.
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The CD38-targeting antibody daratumumab mediates its anti-myeloma activities not only through Fc-receptor-dependent effector mechanisms, but also by its effects on T-cell immunity through depletion of CD38 regulatory T-cells, regulatory B-cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Therefore, combining daratumumab with modulators of other potent immune inhibitory pathways, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, may further improve its efficacy. We show that multiple myeloma (MM) cells from relapsed/refractory patients have increased expression of PD-L1, compared to newly diagnosed patients.

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B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting bispecific antibodies and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) redirect T-cells to BCMA-expressing multiple myeloma (MM) cells. These MM cells are subsequently eliminated via various mechanisms of action including the release of granzymes and perforins. Several phase 1, dose-escalation studies show pronounced activity of BCMA-targeting bispecific antibodies, including teclistamab, AMG420 and CC-93269, in heavily pretreated MM patients.

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Autoantibody-producing plasma cells are frequently resistant to conventional immunosuppressive treatments and B-cell depletion therapy. As a result of this resistance, autoreactive plasma cells survive conventional therapy, resulting in persistent autoantibody production and inflammation. CD38 is highly and uniformly expressed on normal and malignant plasma cells.

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Purpose: Multiple myeloma (MM) patients with disease refractory to all available drugs have a poor outcome, indicating the need for new agents with novel mechanisms of action.

Experimental Design: We evaluated the anti-MM activity of the fully human BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibody JNJ-7957 in cell lines and bone marrow (BM) samples. The impact of several tumor- and host-related factors on sensitivity to JNJ-7957 therapy was also evaluated.

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is generally an incurable hematological malignancy with heterogeneous overall survival rates ranging from a few months to more than 10 years. Survival is especially poor for patients who developed disease that is refractory to immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors. Areas covered: This review will discuss the importance of CD38-targeting antibodies for the treatment of MM patients to improve their outcome.

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Objective: To systematically review the evidence on allergic rhinitis as a predictor for a prolonged or chronic course in adult patients with acute rhinosinusitis.

Data Sources: Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library.

Review Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on March 15, 2013.

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