Psychotropic Medication and Psychosocial Service Use Among Transition Age Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high rates of psychotropic medication utilization and barriers to psychosocial services, yet limited literature explores use of these services and the association between a mental health condition (MH) and use. Using national multipayer claims data, this study estimates a multinomial logistic regression model to discern psychotropic medication and psychosocial service use among transition age youth (TAY) with ASD (12-26 years; N = 52,083) compared to a matched cohort of those without ASD (12-26 years; N = 52,083). Approximately one-third of TAY with ASD and no MH condition receive only psychotropic medication and the likelihood of using both psychosocial services and medication is higher only when TAY with ASD have a co-occurring MH condition.

Health Services Use Among Children With Prenatal Substance Exposure or Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Objective: Infants with prenatal substance exposure or neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) use health services more often than other children; however, little is known about their use of mental health services and psychotropic medication.

Methods: The sample (N=1,004,085) consisted of infants born in 2016 in 38 states who were followed through the fifth year of life and enrolled each year in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program. Infants with prenatal substance exposure or NAS were identified with diagnosis codes; procedure and revenue codes documented their service use.

Prenatal Substance Exposure and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: State Estimates from the 2016-2020 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System.

Introduction: Estimating Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and prenatal substance exposure rates in Medicaid can help target program efforts to improve access to services.

Methods: The data for this study was extracted from the 2016-2020 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Research Identifiable Files (RIF) and included infants born between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020 with a either a NAS diagnosis or prenatal substance exposure.

Results: Between 2016 and 2020, the estimated national rate of NAS experienced a 18% decline, while the estimated national rate of prenatal substance exposure experienced a 3.

Telepsychiatry Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children Enrolled in Medicaid.

Objective: This study examined telepsychiatry use among children enrolled in Medicaid before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of claims data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System for children (ages 3-17) with any mental health service use in 2019 (N=5,606,555) and 2020 (N=5,094,446).

Results: The number of children using mental health services declined by 9.

Psychotropic Medication Utilization Among Children Diagnosed With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

Background And Objectives: To date, there has been no large, population-based study estimating the prevalence of psychotropic medication use and cooccurring medical conditions among children with fetal alcohol syndrome disorder (FASD). In addition, it is not known how psychotropic medication use varies by mental health status of the children with FASD and their health insurance coverage. This study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing a large health insurance claims database covering Medicaid and private insurance.

Evaluation of State-Led Surveillance of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome - Six U.S. States, 2018-2021.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant public health problem in the United States, which affects children as well as adults. During 2010-2017, maternal opioid-related diagnoses increased approximately 130%, from 3.5 to 8.

Medical Marijuana Laws, Marijuana Use, and Opioid-Related Outcomes among Women in the United States.

Background: In the context of the opioid epidemic, a limited but growing body of literature has found state medical marijuana laws (MMLs) to be associated with lower levels of opioid prescribing. However, robust evidence linking state MMLs with individual-level opioid-related outcomes is lacking, particularly among women. This finding is especially true for pregnant and parenting women, who have been disproportionately affected by the opioid crisis.

Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Perceived Need for Treatment, and Barriers to Treatment Among Parenting Women With Substance Use Disorder in US Rural Counties.

Objective: Higher rates of substance use in rural counties compared to urban counties have been well documented. Low perceived need for treatment among those with substance use disorder (SUD) has also been documented in the literature. However, not much is known about SUD treatment among parenting women in rural counties and the impact of perceived need for treatment in seeking care.

Utilization of Mental Health Services in Educational Setting by Adolescents in the United States.

Background: Schools play an important role as providers of mental health services for adolescents; however, information on the broader picture of utilization of mental health services in educational versus other settings is limited because of the lack of national-level data.

Methods: Using multinomial logistic regression models based on national-level data from the 2012-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we explore the characteristics of adolescents who received mental health treatment in educational and other settings. In addition, the study examines the reasons for seeking services in various treatment settings.

Educational Outcomes Associated With School Behavioral Health Interventions: A Review of the Literature.

Background: There is an unmet need for behavioral health support and services among children and adolescents, which school behavioral health has the potential to address. Existing reviews and meta-analyses document the behavioral health benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks, but few summaries of the academic benefits of such programs exist. We provide exemplars of the academic benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks.

MAP4K4 regulates integrin-FERM binding to control endothelial cell motility.

Cell migration is a stepwise process that coordinates multiple molecular machineries. Using in vitro angiogenesis screens with short interfering RNA and chemical inhibitors, we define here a MAP4K4-moesin-talin-β1-integrin molecular pathway that promotes efficient plasma membrane retraction during endothelial cell migration. Loss of MAP4K4 decreased membrane dynamics, slowed endothelial cell migration, and impaired angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Discovery of highly potent, selective, and efficacious small molecule inhibitors of ERK1/2.

Using structure-based design, a novel series of pyridone ERK1/2 inhibitors was developed. Optimization led to the identification of (S)-14k, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable agent that inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. On the basis of its in vivo efficacy and preliminary safety profiles, (S)-14k was selected for further preclinical evaluation.

Defining and determining medical necessity in Medicaid managed care.

Objectives: In 2013, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement calling for pediatricians to be informed about the need for specific pediatric medical necessity language because children deserve "the intent embedded in Medicaid." This study aims to explore the definitions and determinations of medical necessity in Medicaid Managed Care (MMC), document the relevant language used throughout Medicaid, and investigate whether the federal standard of medical necessity for children is replicated in related state documents.

Methods: We conducted a desk review of state statutes, model MMC contracts, and 2 provider manuals per state, for 33 states with a full-risk MMC model.

Discovery of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine inhibitors of Erk2.

The discovery and optimization of a series of tetrahydropyridopyrimidine based extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erks) inhibitors discovered via HTS and structure based drug design is reported. The compounds demonstrate potent and selective inhibition of Erk2 and knockdown of phospho-RSK levels in HepG2 cells and tumor xenografts.

Discovery of selective 4-Amino-pyridopyrimidine inhibitors of MAP4K4 using fragment-based lead identification and optimization.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) is a serine/threonine kinase implicated in the regulation of many biological processes. A fragment-based lead discovery approach was used to generate potent and selective MAP4K4 inhibitors. The fragment hit pursued in this article had excellent ligand efficiency (LE), an important attribute for subsequent successful optimization into drug-like lead compounds.

Assessment of the hepatic CYP reductase null mouse model and its potential application in drug discovery.

CYP Oxidoreductase (Por) is the essential electron donor for all CYP enzymes and is responsible for the activation of CYP. The Taconic Hepatic CYP Reductase Null (HRN) mouse model possesses a targeted mutation that results in liver-specific deletion of the Por gene thereby resulting in a disruption of CYP metabolism in the liver. The objectives of these studies were to further characterize the HRN mouse using probe drugs metabolized by CYP.

Medicaid covered births, 2008 through 2010, in the context of the implementation of health reform.

Background: Medicaid is a major source of public health care financing for pregnant women and deliveries in the United States. Starting in 2014, some states will extend Medicaid to thousands of previously uninsured, low-income women. Given this changing landscape, it is important to have a baseline of current levels of Medicaid financing for births in each state.