MRI Characteristics of Pediatric Renal Tumors: A SIOP-RTSG Radiology Panel Delphi Study.

Background: The SIOP-Renal Tumor Study Group (RTSG) does not advocate invasive procedures to determine histology before the start of therapy. This may induce misdiagnosis-based treatment initiation, but only for a relatively small percentage of approximately 10% of non-Wilms tumors (non-WTs). MRI could be useful for reducing misdiagnosis, but there is no global consensus on differentiating characteristics.

Evaluation of an iterative model-based reconstruction of pediatric abdominal CT with regard to image quality and radiation dose.

Background In pediatric patients, computed tomography (CT) is important in the medical chain of diagnosing and monitoring various diseases. Because children are more radiosensitive than adults, they require minimal radiation exposure. One way to achieve this goal is to implement new technical solutions, like iterative reconstruction.

Transplantation of Haploidentical TcRaß-Depleted Hematopoietic Cells Allows for Optimal Timing and Sustained Correction of the Metabolic Defect in Children With Infantile Osteopetrosis.

In osteopetrosis, osteoclast dysfunction can lead to deafness, blindness, bone marrow failure, and death. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is currently the only curative treatment, but outcome remains disappointing. Although a rapid progression toward HCT is detrimental to prevent further progress of disease manifestations, 70% of cases lack an HLA-matched sibling and require alternative stem cell sources.

Radiography, tomosynthesis, CT and MRI in the evaluation of pulmonary cystic fibrosis: an untangling review of the multitude of scoring systems.

Objective: The first radiographic scoring system for pulmonary cystic fibrosis was presented in 1958. Since then a multitude of scoring systems for radiography and computed tomography (CT) have been presented, recently also for tomosynthesis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the current review was to analyse and compare the plethora of scoring systems for cystic fibrosis, especially regarding which scoring components are considered most important.

Effective dose from chest tomosynthesis in children.

Tomosynthesis (digital tomography) is a recently introduced low-dose alternative to CT in the evaluation of the lungs in patients with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary nodules. Previous studies have reported an adult effective dose of 0.12-0.

Conversion factors for estimation of effective dose in paediatric chest tomosynthesis.

For chest tomosynthesis in adults, a conversion factor of 0.26 mSv/Gy cm² has been reported for calculating the effective dose from the registered dose-area-product. The aim of this study was to determine conversion factors for chest tomosynthesis in children.

Visualisation of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex with a modified contrast enema in children with suspected Hirschsprung disease.

Background: Patients with Hirschsprung disease lack the normal rectoanal inhibitory reflex, which can be studied with anorectal manometry or US.

Objective: To see whether the rectoanal inhibitory reflex could be visualised with a modified contrast enema, thereby increasing the diagnostic accuracy of the contrast enema and reducing the number of rectal biopsies.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-nine boys and 42 girls (median age, 12 months) with suspected Hirschsprung disease were examined with a modified contrast enema, supplemented with two injections of cold, water-soluble contrast medium, to induce the reflex.

Description and validation of a scoring system for tomosynthesis in pulmonary cystic fibrosis.

Objectives: To design and validate a scoring system for tomosynthesis (digital tomography) in pulmonary cystic fibrosis.

Methods: A scoring system dedicated to tomosynthesis in pulmonary cystic fibrosis was designed. Three radiologists independently scored 88 pairs of radiographs and tomosynthesis examinations of the chest in 60 patients with cystic fibrosis and 7 oncology patients.

Tomosynthesis in pulmonary cystic fibrosis with comparison to radiography and computed tomography: a pictorial review.

The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate chest imaging findings of cystic fibrosis (CF) using tomosynthesis (digital tomography), in comparison to radiography and computed tomography (CT). CF is a chronic systemic disease where imaging has long been used for monitoring chest status. CT exposes the patient to a substantially higher radiation dose than radiography, rendering it unsuitable for the often needed repeated examinations of these patients.

Sonographic visualization of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in children suspected of having Hirschsprung disease: a pilot study.

Objective: To date, for detection of the absence of peristalsis in children with chronic constipation and a suspicion of Hirschsprung disease (HD), children have been investigated with a contrast enema. If the radiographic investigation is inconclusive, anometry and a rectal biopsy are performed. A new noninvasive real-time sonographic method for examination of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was compared with anometry.