Brief Report: Quantifying Speech Production Coordination from Non- and Minimally-Speaking Individuals.

Purpose: Non-verbal utterances are an important tool of communication for individuals who are non- or minimally-speaking. While these utterances are typically understood by caregivers, they can be challenging to interpret by their larger community. To date, there has been little work done to detect and characterize the vocalizations produced by non- or minimally-speaking individuals.

ReCANVo: A database of real-world communicative and affective nonverbal vocalizations.

Nonverbal vocalizations, such as sighs, grunts, and yells, are informative expressions within typical verbal speech. Likewise, individuals who produce 0-10 spoken words or word approximations ("minimally speaking" individuals) convey rich affective and communicative information through nonverbal vocalizations even without verbal speech. Yet, despite their rich content, little to no data exists on the vocal expressions of this population.

Personalized Neuroimaging Reveals the Impact of Children's Interests on Language Processing in the Brain.

Cognition is shaped by individual experiences and interests. However, to study cognition in the brain, researchers typically use generic stimuli that are the same across all individuals. Language, in particular, is animated and motivated by several highly personal factors that are typically not accounted for in neuroimaging study designs, such as "interest" in a topic.

Advancing Neuroscience through Wearable Devices.

Faster, more reliable, and comfortably wearable personal devices are producing data from biosensors on an unprecedented scale. Combined with context and analytics, these signals hold great promise to advance neuroscience via real-world data. Here, we discuss wearable technology broadly and provide specific examples of activity patterns from electrodermal sensors found during sleep, stress, and seizures.

Vomit Comet Physiology: Autonomic Changes in Novice Flyers.

This exploratory study examined the effects of varying g-forces, including feelings of weightlessness, on an individual's physiology during parabolic flight. Specifically, we collected heart rate, accelerometer, and skin conductance measurements from 16 flyers aboard a parabolic flight using wearable, wireless sensors. The biosignals were then correlated to participant reports of nausea, anxiety, and excitement during periods of altered g-forces.

Computer-aided detection (CAD) using 360 degree virtual dissection: can CAD in a first reviewer paradigm be a reliable substitute for primary 2D or 3D search?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new computer-aided detection (CAD) software program as a first reviewer for detecting colorectal polyps when applied to 360 degrees virtual dissection image display.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one consecutive patients who underwent imaging without oral contrast material for stool tagging from a teaching file database constituted the patient population for this feasibility study. Using CT colonography equipped with CAD software, reviewers evaluated each possible polyp detected by the software using virtual dissection images combined with axial and 3D endoluminal views and compared the results with optical colonoscopy, the reference standard.

Constrictive pericarditis at abdominal CT: a commonly overlooked diagnosis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate findings at abdominal computed tomography (CT) in patients with proven constrictive pericarditis.

Methods: The medical records of 25 patients with surgically proven constrictive pericarditis and abdominal CT examinations within 30 days of operation were reviewed. Clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and prospective CT findings were collated.

Polyp measurement with CT colonography: multiple-reader, multiple-workstation comparison.

Objective: The risk of invasive colorectal cancer in colorectal polyps correlates with lesion size. Our purpose was to define the most accurate methods for measuring polyp size at CT colonography (CTC) using three models of workstations and multiple observers.

Materials And Methods: Six reviewers measured 24 unique polyps of known size (5, 7, 10, and 12 mm), shape (sessile, flat, and pedunculated), and location (straight or curved bowel segment) using CTC data sets obtained at two doses (5 mAs and 65 mAs) and a previously described colonic phantom model.

Development of a cathartic-free colorectal cancer screening test using virtual colonoscopy: a feasibility study.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to develop a method to subtract barium-labeled stool from the colon using a phantom and to evaluate the performance of the technique in a pilot human population.

Materials And Methods: A phantom containing 6-mm flat polyps and three types of simulated stool (homogeneous, moderately heterogeneous, and severely heterogeneous) mixed with barium was created, scanned, and tested using three stool subtraction algorithms but no cathartic. Thirty patients with suspected colorectal polyps were studied using stool tagging to determine which was the most effective stool subtraction algorithm.

Visceral fat analysis at CT colonography.

Rationale And Objectives: Obesity is associated with increased risks for colorectal neoplasia. Few studies have examined quantitative body fat measurements as predictors of colorectal polyps. The objective is to determine whether visceral fat is associated with colorectal polyps at computed tomography (CT) colonography.

CT colonography using 360-degree virtual dissection: a feasibility study.

Objective: Using a 3D rendering technique called "virtual dissection," we sought to evaluate polyp and fold distortion using a colon phantom, estimate the polyp detection performance in humans, and estimate the added benefit of double interpretation and computer-aided diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: A colon phantom containing 144 polyps of varying sizes (5-12 mm) and shapes (flat, sessile, pedunculated) was scanned. Polyp shape and distortion at virtual dissection were categorized as flame, club, pea, or bizarre.