A method to determine joint moments and force distributions in the shoulders during ceiling work -- a study on house painters.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to propose and apply a method to study the net load and the force distribution in the shoulder during sanding of a ceiling. DESIGN: Sanding of a ceiling was studied in an experimental set-up. BACKGROUND: Among painters there is a high frequency of neck and shoulder complaints and some particularly strenuous tasks are sanding and painting of ceilings with tools attached to extension handles.