Nirsevimab Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness and Hospitalization Among Alaska Native Children - Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region, Alaska, October 2023-June 2024.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization among young children. Historically, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children have experienced high rates of RSV-associated hospitalization. In August 2023, a preventive monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) was recommended for all infants aged <8 months (born during or entering their first RSV season) and for children aged 8-19 months (entering their second RSV season) who have increased risk for severe RSV illness, including all AI/AN children.

Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic tumor microenvironment.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are prime therapeutic targets due to their pro-tumorigenic functions, but varying efficacy of macrophage-targeting therapies highlights our incomplete understanding of how macrophages are regulated within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The circadian clock is a key regulator of macrophage function, but how circadian rhythms of macrophages are influenced by the TME remains unknown. Here, we show that conditions associated with the TME such as polarizing stimuli, acidic pH, and lactate can alter circadian rhythms in macrophages.

Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment.

Macrophages are prime therapeutic targets due to their pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive functions in tumors, but the varying efficacy of therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages highlights our incomplete understanding of how the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence regulation of macrophages. The circadian clock is a key internal regulator of macrophage function, but how circadian rhythms of macrophages may be influenced by the tumor microenvironment remains unknown. We found that conditions associated with the TME such as polarizing stimuli, acidic pH, and elevated lactate concentrations can each alter circadian rhythms in macrophages.