Epithelial mechanics are maintained by inhibiting cell fusion with age in Drosophila.

A characteristic of normal aging and age-related diseases is the remodeling of the cellular organization of a tissue through polyploid cell growth. Polyploidy arises from an increase in nuclear ploidy or the number of nuclei per cell. However, it is not known whether age-induced polyploidy is an adaption to stressors or a precursor to degeneration.

Integration failure of regenerated limb tissue is associated with incongruencies in positional information in the Mexican axolotl.

Little is known about how the newly regenerated limb tissues in the Mexican axolotl seamlessly integrate with the remaining stump tissues to form a functional structure, and why this doesn't occur in some regenerative scenarios. In this study, we evaluate the phenomenological and transcriptional characteristics associated with integration failure in ectopic limb structures generated by treating anterior-located ectopic blastemas with Retinoic Acid (RA) and focusing on the "bulbus mass" tissue that forms between the ectopic limb and the host site. We additionally test the hypothesis that the posterior portion of the limb base contains anterior positional identities.

Dynamics of the gut microbiome, IgA response, and plasma metabolome in the development of pediatric celiac disease.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption. Almost all CD patients possess human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes; however, only a small subset of individuals carrying these alleles develop CD, indicating the role of environmental factors in CD pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was to determine the contributory role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in CD onset.

Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate.

The mechanisms that regulate growth and size of the regenerating limb in tetrapods such as the Mexican axolotl are unknown. Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. It then undergoes a phase of regeneration that we have called the 'tiny-limb' stage, which is defined by rapid growth until the regenerate reaches the proportionally appropriate size.

Plasma proteomics of green turtles () reveals pathway shifts and potential biomarker candidates associated with health and disease.

Evaluating sea turtle health can be challenging due to an incomplete understanding of pathophysiologic responses in these species. Proteome characterization of clinical plasma samples can provide insights into disease progression and prospective biomarker targets. A TMT-10-plex-LC-MS/MS platform was used to characterize the plasma proteome of five, juvenile, green turtles () and compare qualitative and quantitative protein changes during moribund and recovered states.

Characterization of Thyroid Disorders in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy.

Thyroid disorders have emerged as one of the most common immune-related adverse events associated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy or combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy. This study characterizes and compares the evolution of monotherapy and combination therapy-related thyroid disorders. We analyzed the dynamic evolution of thyroid disorders in 45 patients who developed thyroid disorders following treatment with either anti-PD-1 monotherapy or anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy.

Incidence of oral cavity and pharynx cancer in New Hampshire, 1990-2007.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe trends of the statewide cancer and treatment-related characteristics of oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) cancer and prevalence of risk factors in New Hampshire residents from 1990-2007.

Study Design: This is a descriptive study on oral cavity and pharynx cancer using a state cancer registry dataset for 1990- 2007. The age-adjusted rates with 95% confidence intervals for cancer incidence rates and standard proportions for stage, treatment, and risk factors were calculated.