AI Transformers for Radiation Dose Reduction in Serial Whole-Body PET Scans.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning approach that enables ultra-low-dose, 1% of the standard clinical dosage (3 MBq/kg), ultrafast whole-body PET reconstruction in cancer imaging.

Materials And Methods: In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study, serial fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI scans of pediatric patients with lymphoma were retrospectively collected from two cross-continental medical centers between July 2015 and March 2020. Global similarity between baseline and follow-up scans was used to develop Masked-LMCTrans, a longitudinal multimodality coattentional convolutional neural network (CNN) transformer that provides interaction and joint reasoning between serial PET/MRI scans from the same patient.

Predicting FDG-PET Images From Multi-Contrast MRI Using Deep Learning in Patients With Brain Neoplasms.

Background: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is valuable for determining presence of viable tumor, but is limited by geographical restrictions, radiation exposure, and high cost.

Purpose: To generate diagnostic-quality PET equivalent imaging for patients with brain neoplasms by deep learning with multi-contrast MRI.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Comparison of whole-body DW-MRI with 2-[F]FDG PET for staging and treatment monitoring of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Purpose: To assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body (WB) DW-MRI with 2-[F]FDG PET for staging and treatment monitoring of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

Methods: Twenty-three children with LCH underwent 2-[F]FDG PET and WB DW-MRI at baseline. Two nuclear medicine physicians and two radiologists independently assessed presence/absence of tumors in 8 anatomical areas.

PET/MR of pediatric bone tumors: what the radiologist needs to know.

Integrated 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide "one stop" local tumor and whole-body staging in one session, thereby streamlining imaging evaluations and avoiding duplicate anesthesia in young children. F-FDG PET/MR scans have the benefit of lower radiation, superior soft tissue contrast, and increased patient convenience compared to F-FDG PET/computerized tomography scans. This article reviews the F-FDG PET/MR imaging technique, reporting requirements, and imaging characteristics of the most common pediatric bone tumors, including osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, primary bone lymphoma, bone and bone marrow metastases, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

One-stop local and whole-body staging of children with cancer.

Accurate staging and re-staging of cancer in children is crucial for patient management. Currently, children with a newly diagnosed cancer must undergo a series of imaging tests, which are stressful, time-consuming, partially redundant, expensive, and can require repetitive anesthesia. New approaches for pediatric cancer staging can evaluate the primary tumor and metastases in a single session.

Ferumoxytol Does Not Impact Standardized Uptake Values on PET/MR Scans.

Purpose: Tumor response assessments on positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans require correct quantification of radiotracer uptake in tumors and normal organs. Historically, MRI scans have been enhanced with gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents, which are now controversial due to brain deposition. Recently, ferumoxytol nanoparticles have been identified as an alternative to Gd-based contrast agents because they provide strong tissue enhancement on MR images but are not deposited in the brain.