Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events Following Roux en Y Gastric Bypass versus Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Claims-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To compare the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Summary Background Data: Bariatric surgery is associated with reduced CVD risk but the differential effect of contemporary bariatric procedures is unclear.

Methods: We used insurance claims to conduct a retrospective cohort study of CVD outcomes for patients who underwent RYGB versus SG between 2010 and 2021.

Medication-Induced Weight Change Across Common Antidepressant Treatments : A Target Trial Emulation Study.

Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but evidence on comparative weight change for specific first-line treatments is limited.

Objective: To compare weight change across common first-line antidepressant treatments by emulating a target trial.

Design: Observational cohort study over 24 months.

WIC staff and healthcare professional perceptions of an EHR intervention to facilitate referrals to and improve communication and coordination with WIC: A qualitative study.

Objectives: Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has numerous benefits, yet many eligible children remain unenrolled. This qualitative study sought to explore perceptions of a novel electronic health record (EHR) intervention to facilitate referrals to WIC and improve communication/coordination between WIC staff and healthcare professionals.

Methods: WIC staff in three counties were provided EHR access and recruited to participate.

Pre-surgical factors related to latent trajectories of 5-year weight loss for a diverse bariatric surgery population.

Background: Analyzing trajectories of weight loss may address how particular groups of patients respond to metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Objectives: The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study was designed to use a theoretical model to examine determinants of weight loss and recurrence.

Setting: Large integrated health system in Southern California with 11 surgical practices and 23 surgeons.

Comparison of health care costs following sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the impact of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on overall and diabetes-specific health care costs among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients with type 2 diabetes after SG and RYGB using data from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart database. The matched study group included 9608 patients who underwent SG or RYGB and were enrolled between 2007 and 2019.

Phentermine in the Modern Era of Obesity Pharmacotherapy: Does It Still Have a Role in Treatment?

Purpose Of Review: This review provides an overview of the history, mechanism of action, and expected treatment effects of the anti-obesity medication (AOM), phentermine. It also includes a summary of recent research and practical guidance for prescribing clinicians.

Recent Findings: Recent research on phentermine is sparse and consists primarily of observational studies with methodologic limitations.

Game changers: do new medications make lifestyle-based treatment of obesity obsolete?

Historically, obesity was viewed as a lifestyle disease, with an associated lifestyle solution, and approaches that embody the "eat less, move more" idea have dominated obesity treatment recommendations for over half a century. Meanwhile, the prevalence and severity of obesity continue to increase globally. Enter the so-called "game changers": glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

Association Between Child Sugary Drink Consumption and Serum Lipid Levels in Electronic Health Records.

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and fruit juice (FJ) consumption may promote lipid abnormalities in childhood. We examined the association between SSB/FJ intake and lipid levels using electronic health record data for 2816 adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression models treated clinical cutpoints for abnormal lipid levels (triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and total cholesterol) as dependent variables.

Baseline Psychosocial, Environmental, Health, and Behavioral Correlates of 1- and 3-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Weight loss surgery is an effective, long-term treatment for severe obesity but individual response to surgery varies widely. The purpose of this study was to test a comprehensive theoretical model of factors that may be correlated with the greatest surgical weight loss at 1-3 years following surgery. Such a model would help determine what predictive factors to measure when patients are preparing for surgery that may ensure the best weight outcomes.

A Technology-Driven, Healthcare-Based Intervention to Improve Family Beverage Choices: Results from a Pilot Randomized Trial in the United States.

Healthcare-based interventions to address sugary beverage intake could achieve broad reach, but intensive in-person interventions are unsustainable in clinical settings. Technology-based interventions may provide an alternative, scalable approach. Within an academic health system in the United States that already performs electronic health record-based sugary drink screening, we conducted a pilot randomized trial of a technology-driven family beverage choice intervention.

Knowing Is Not Doing: A Qualitative Study of Parental Views on Family Beverage Choice.

Objective: Sugary drink consumption is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, highlighting the need for scalable family interventions that address barriers to water consumption. To inform development of a scalable, health-care-system-based intervention targeting family beverage choice, a formative qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with parents whose children were identified as over-consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and/or fruit juice (FJ). The first goal of these interviews was to understand, in a diverse real-world patient population, what parents viewed as the primary drivers of their family's beverage choices, and explore how these drivers might need to be addressed in order to make changes to beverage consumption.

Examining the effect of parent participation in an adult weight management program on changes in children's weight.

Children of parents participating in weight management programs (WMPs) are more likely to adopt their parents' weight control practices. Little is known about the weight outcomes of children who have a parent participating in a WMP. This study aimed to assess this relationship.

Neighborhood deprivation and residential property values do not affect weight loss at 1 or 3 years after bariatric surgery.

Objective: This study examined the association between individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic factors and surgical weight loss at 1 year (short term) and 3 years (long term).

Methods: Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the BELONG (Bariatric Experience Long Term) prospective longitudinal cohort study. Individual-level self-reported data on sex, race and ethnicity, education, and household income were obtained by survey.

The association of 1-year weight loss from bariatric surgery and self-reported sleep: a prospective cohort.

Objective: This study examined the association of weight loss following bariatric surgery with self-reported sleep quality after accounting for other sleep-related factors.

Methods: Participants were from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study. Participants completed a survey up to 6 months before surgery and approximately 1 year after surgery.

Staff Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Child Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Acceptability of a Pediatric Clinic-Based Beverage Screener.

Beverages are the leading source of sugar in children's diets and a modifiable risk factor for adverse health conditions. Electronic health record-based screeners could facilitate health systems' efforts to reduce child consumption of sugary beverages. Before implementing a sugar-sweetened beverage screener in the electronic health record within academic healthcare system, 228 pediatric and family medicine clinic staff completed an online educational training to familiarize them with the screener and its rationale.

Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy for Weight Loss and Type 2 Diabetes Across Race and Ethnicity in the PCORnet Bariatric Study Cohort.

Importance: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; yet it is unclear whether the long-term safety and comparative effectiveness of these operations differ across racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: To compare outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) across racial and ethnic groups in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Bariatric Study.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective, observational, comparative effectiveness cohort study that comprised 25 health care systems in the PCORnet Bariatric Study.

Examination of Elective Bariatric Surgery Rates Before and After US Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion.

Importance: There is limited evidence on whether the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion beginning in 2014 improved access to elective procedures. Uninsured individuals are at higher risk of obesity and may have experienced improved uptake of bariatric surgery following Medicaid expansion.

Objective: To examine the association between Medicaid expansion and the receipt of inpatient elective bariatric surgery among Medicaid-covered and uninsured individuals aged 26 to 64 years.

Cohort profile: The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG): a long-term prospective study to understand the psychosocial, environmental, health and behavioural predictors of weight loss and regain in patients who have bariatric surgery.

Purpose: The Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) prospective study cohort was created to address limitations in the literature regarding the relationship between surgical weight loss and psychosocial, health, behaviour and environmental factors. The BELONG cohort is unique because it contains 70% gastric sleeve and 64% patients with non-white race/ethnicity and was developed with strong stakeholder engagement including patients and providers.

Participants: The BELONG cohort study included 1975 patients preparing to have bariatric surgery who completed a baseline survey in a large integrated health system in Southern California.

Comparison of Ambulatory Health Care Costs and Use Associated With Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Importance: Studies comparing contemporary bariatric surgical types could facilitate procedure selection for patients interested in reducing their frequency of health care visits and reliance on prescription drugs.

Objective: To compare the association of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with ambulatory health care costs and use for as long as 4 years after surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This comparative effectiveness study, which included patients undergoing bariatric surgery who were aged 18 to 64 years with at least 24 months of enrollment data before surgery and 12 months of enrollment data after surgery, used a retrospective interrupted time series with a comparison group.

Preoperative Depression Status and 5 Year Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in the PCORnet Bariatric Study Cohort.

Objective: To examine whether depression status before metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) influenced 5-year weight loss, diabetes, and safety/utilization outcomes in the PCORnet Bariatric Study.

Summary Of Background Data: Research on the impact of depression on MBS outcomes is inconsistent with few large, long-term studies.

Methods: Data were extracted from 23 health systems on 36,871 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG; n=16,158) or gastric bypass (RYGB; n=20,713) from 2005-2015.

Acute Care Utilization and Costs Up to 4 Years After Index Sleeve Gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A National Claims-based Study.

Objective: To compare acute care utilization and costs following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Summary Background Data: Comparing postbariatric emergency department (ED) and inpatient care use patterns could assist with procedure choice and provide insights about complication risk.

Methods: We used a national insurance claims database to identify adults undergoing SG and RYGB between 2008 and 2016.