Commercial complementary food consumption is prospectively associated with added sugar intake in childhood.

Given that commercial complementary food (CF) can contain high levels of added sugar, a high consumption may predispose to a preference for sweet taste later in life. This study examined cross-sectional associations between commercial CF consumption and added sugar intake in infancy as well as its prospective relation to added sugar intake in pre-school and primary-school age children. In all, 288 children of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study with 3-d weighed dietary records at 0·5 and 0·75 (infancy), 3 and 4 (pre-school age) and 6 and 7 years of age (primary-school age) were included in this analysis.

Food neophobia in German adolescents: Determinants and association with dietary habits.

Food neophobia (FN) is described as the rejection to eat unknown foods. Because only little is known about the role of FN in adolescence the aim of this study was to examine potential determinants of FN and associations with dietary habits of DONALD study participants. FN was measured with Pliner's and Hobden's Food Neophobia Scale (FN Score (FNS): range 10-70) in 166 10-18-year-old adolescents.

Dietary intake of soluble fiber and risk of islet autoimmunity by 5 y of age: results from the TEDDY study.

Background: Deficient soluble fiber intake has been suggested to dysregulate the immune response either directly or through alterations of the microbial composition in the gut.

Objective: We hypothesized that a high intake of dietary soluble fiber in early childhood decreases the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated islet autoimmunity.

Design: We analyzed 17,620 food records collected between age 9 and 48 mo from 3358 children from the United States and Germany prospectively followed in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study.

Factors associated with longitudinal food record compliance in a paediatric cohort study.

Objective: Non-compliance with food record submission can induce bias in nutritional epidemiological analysis and make it difficult to draw inference from study findings. We examined the impact of demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on such non-compliance during the first 3 years of participation in a multidisciplinary prospective paediatric study.

Design: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study collects a 3 d food record quarterly during the first year of life and semi-annually thereafter.

Age and time trends in the diet of young children: results of the DONALD study.

Purpose: To describe age and time trends of energy and macronutrient intake during infancy and toddlerhood and to set a special focus on dietary practices with respect to milk, complementary food, and family food intake.

Methods: Three-day dietary records (n = 2241) collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months (480 subjects) between 2004 and 2013 from the ongoing open cohort DONALD (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study were evaluated using repeated-measures regression analyses for trend analysis.

Results: Significant age trends were found for macronutrients with a decrease in fat intake (% of energy intake, %E) and an increase in carbohydrates (%E) and protein (%E).

Associations between commercial complementary food consumption and fruit and vegetable intake in children. Results of the DONALD study.

Objectives: Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is influenced by individual taste and food preferences that are developed early in life. Thus, the sensory properties of foods given during complementary feeding may shape later food acceptance and dietary intake. However, those experiences differ with respect to the preparation method of complementary food (CF), that is, homemade and commercial CF.

Food variety in commercial and homemade complementary meals for infants in Germany. Market survey and dietary practice.

Introduction: Already infants do not meet the recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake although the complementary feeding period offers the possibility to expose the infant to a variety of flavours from fruits and vegetables. The objective of the present analysis was to identify differences in the vegetable variety in commercial vs. homemade complementary meals and to describe fish and meat variety in these meals in dietary practice in Germany.

Breast-feeding and weaning practices in the DONALD study: age and time trends.

Objectives: Besides influencing short- and long-term health status, infant feeding practices are known to have an effect on later food preferences. This study aimed to identify present trends in breast-feeding duration and weaning practices with special focus on preparation methods of complementary food (CF), that is, homemade and commercial CF.

Methods: In total, 1419 three-day weighed diet records collected between 2004 and 2012 from 366 children of the German DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study ages 6 to 24 months were analysed.