Latent Tuberculosis Infection Beliefs and Testing and Treatment Health Behaviors Amongst Non-US-Born South Asians in New Jersey: A Cross-Sectional Community Survey.

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a problem in the United States as reactivation leads to active TB disease particularly in persons with risk factors. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes and health behaviors related to testing and treatment of LTBI among non-US-born South Asians (SA) in New Jersey (NJ). A cross-sectional, community-based survey was the primary tool for gathering data.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of race and ethnicity upon the prevalence and clinical spectrum of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV).

Study Design: From 2007 to 2012, 100 332 infants from 7 medical centers were screened for cCMV while in the hospital. Ethnicity and race were collected and cCMV prevalence rates were calculated.

Contribution of Breastfeeding to False-Positive Saliva Polymerase Chain Reaction for Newborn Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of saliva is highly sensitive for newborn congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) screening. This study uses nationally published CMV seroprevalence and breastfeeding rates to estimate the contribution of CMV DNA in breast milk to false-positive saliva PCR results. The false-positive rates adjusted for breastfeeding ranged from 0.

Newborn Dried Blood Spot Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify Infants with Congenital Cytomegalovirus-Associated Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Objective: To determine the utility of dried blood spot (DBS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in identifying infants with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection-associated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study Design: Newborns at 7 US hospitals between March 2007 and March 2012 were screened for CMV by saliva rapid culture and/or PCR. Infected infants were monitored for SNHL during the first 4 years of life to determine sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of DBS PCR for identifying CMV-associated SNHL.

Urine Collection Method for the Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is traditionally diagnosed by virus detection in saliva or urine. Virus culture was positive in significantly fewer urine samples collected using cotton balls in diapers (55.2%) than with samples collected by bags (93.

An adolescent with pseudomigraine, transient headache, neurological deficits, and lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL Syndrome): case report and review of the literature.

We report a 16-year-old adolescent with 2 episodes of focal neurological deficits, pseudomigrainous headache, and lymphocytic pleocytosis due to the syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis (HaNDL), also known as pseudomigraine with CSF pleocytosis. Review of the literature identifies 13 additional cases of HaNDL in the pediatric population. These cases are reviewed and evidence for possible etiopathogenesis is discussed.

Neonatal herpes disease following maternal antenatal antiviral suppressive therapy: a multicenter case series.

Objective: The goal was to describe herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease in neonates whose mothers received suppressive acyclovir therapy for HSV infection.

Study Design: A multicenter case series of 8 infants who developed neonatal HSV disease following maternal antiviral suppressive therapy during pregnancy.

Results: Eight infants were identified from New Jersey (5), Maine (1), New York (1), and Texas (1) between 2005 and 2009.

The changing epidemiology of pediatric endocarditis at a children's hospital over seven decades.

This study sought to determine whether improvements in the care of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have changed the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE). A retrospective study of patients 18 years of age and younger treated for IE from 1992 to 2004 (era 3) was conducted at the authors' children's hospital in New York City. This study was compared with two previous studies conducted at the same hospital from 1930 to 1959 (era 1) and from 1977 to 1992 (era 2).

Investigation of an apparent outbreak of Rhodococcus equi bacteremia.

During January to April 2007, hospital staff reported 3 patients with Rhodococcus equi bloodstream infections. Isolates were analyzed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, to confirm identification and to assess strain relatedness; 2 were R. equi but genetically distinct, and 1 was identified as Gordonia polyisoprenivorans.

Management of pediatric multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infections in New York City from 1995 to 2003.

Background: Few studies have assessed the management and outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the pediatric population. Treatment of children with second-line TB drugs is complicated by potential toxicities of these agents.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of children <15 years of age treated for MDR-TB or MDR-latent TB infection (LTBI) from 1995 to 2003.

Implementation of a pertussis immunization program in a teaching hospital: an argument for federally mandated pertussis vaccination of health care workers.

Background: As pertussis disease becomes more common, health care-associated outbreaks have been reported with increasing frequency. Often, these clusters are costly and labor intensive to investigate and contain. It is clear that health care workers are among the adults who transmit pertussis to susceptible infants.

Underuse of effective measures to prevent and manage pediatric tuberculosis in the United States.

Objective: To characterize problems with prevention and management of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI).

Design: A multisite, cross-sectional study using data from medical records and public health logs to categorize and define use of routine prevention practices in managing pediatric TB and LTBI.

Setting: Four areas of the United States.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: case report and review of the literature.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are rarely diagnosed in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We describe a case of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex with gastrointestinal tract involvement in a HSCT recipient. We reviewed NTM infections among pediatric HSCT patients at our institution from 2000-2004 and identified 2 additional cases.

Risk factors for candidemia in critically ill infants: a matched case-control study.

Objective: To determine risk factors for late-onset candidemia among infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design: We performed a matched case-control study from March 2001 to January 2003 in 2 level III-IV NICUs. Case subjects had candidemia diagnosed more than 48 hours after hospitalization.

Tuberculosis in children.

The epidemiology of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is shaped by risk factors such as age, race, immigration, poverty, overcrowding, and HIV/AIDS. Once infected, young children are at increased risk of TB disease and progression to extrapulmonary disease. Primary disease and its complications are more common in children than in adults, leading to differences in clinical and radiographic manifestations.