Sick leave in the prodromal phase of multiple sclerosis and its association with diagnostic delay: A short report.

The prodromal features of multiple sclerosis (MS) are non-specific and are prevalent in the general population. Several studies indicate an increased use of healthcare resources by individuals with MS in the years preceding their diagnosis, suggesting a trend of deteriorating health prior to the clinical manifestation of MS. This study aimed to capture the possible associations of sick leave with the timing of the diagnosis of MS.

Correction: Trajectory analyses in insurance medicine studies: Examples and key methodological aspects and pitfalls.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Sickness absence and disability pension trajectories among individuals on sickness absence due to stress-related disorders. Two prospective population-based cohorts with 13-month follow-up.

Background: Stress-related disorders are common diagnoses for sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) in many Western countries. Knowledge on future SA/DP trajectories among those starting such a SA spell is limited. The aims were to identify future SA/DP days trajectories among individuals starting an SA spell due to stress-related disorder and investigate socio-demographic and morbidity characteristics associated with specific trajectories.

Association between job strain and working life expectancy: a longitudinal study of older people in Sweden.

Many European countries have increased retirement ages to address the challenge of population ageing. However, job strain which is the combination of high job demands and low job control may be an obstacle to extending the working lives of older workers. Job strain is associated with poor health and early work exit among older workers, but less is known about whether job strain impacts working life expectancy (WLE)-an increasingly employed summary measure capturing the length of working lives.

Occupational prestige and future sickness absence and disability pension in women and men: a Swedish nationwide prospective cohort study.

Background: Little is known about associations between occupational prestige, that is, the symbolic evaluation and social positioning of occupations, and sickness absence (SA) or disability pension (DP). We explored whether occupational prestige was associated with future SA or DP among women and men.

Methods: A Swedish 4-year prospective cohort study of all those in paid work and aged 25-59 in 2010 ( = 2,605,227; 47% women), using linked microdata from three nationwide registers and Standard International Occupational Prestige Scale values, categorised as 'very low', 'low', 'medium', 'high', or 'very high'.

Sickness absence after work accidents and post-traumatic stress among white-collar workers in the retail and wholesale industry; a longitudinal Swedish cohort study.

Background: Most studies about accidents and about PTSD, respectively, have been conducted either on blue-collar workers, or on the entire working population. There are very few such studies on white-collar workers.

Aim: To examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) after a work accident or PTSD, respectively, among white-collar workers in the private retail and wholesale industry.

Sickness absence and disability pension patterns before and after ischemic stroke: A Swedish longitudinal cohort study with matched references.

Introduction: The aim was to determine ischemic stroke patients' sickness absence and disability pension before and after stroke, and compare these to that of matched references.

Patients And Methods: All working-aged individuals (aged 18-61) in Sweden with incident ischemic stroke in year 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015, respectively, and five population-based matched references to each stroke patient. Each cohort was followed 1 year prior stroke and 3 years after.

Does job stress mediate the risk of work disability due to common mental disorders among social workers compared with other health and social care, education, and non-human service professionals? A prospective cohort study of public sector employees in Finland.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate (i) the risk of work disability (>10-day sickness absence spell or disability pension) due to common mental disorders (CMD) among social workers compared with other health and social care, education, and non-human service professionals and (ii) whether the risk was mediated by job stress.

Methods: A cohort of 16 306 public sector professionals in Finland was followed using survey data from baseline (2004 or if not available, 2008) on job stress [job strain or effort-reward imbalance (ERI)] and register data on work disability due to CMD from baseline through 2011. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk of work disability due to CMD between three occupation-pairs in a counterfactual setting, controlling for age, sex, job contract, body mass index, alcohol risk use, smoking, and physical inactivity.

Sequence analysis of sickness absence and disability pension days in 2012-2018 among privately employed white-collar workers in Sweden: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to explore sequences of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) days from 2012 to 2018 among privately employed white-collar workers.

Design: A 7-year prospective cohort study using microdata from nationwide registers.

Setting: Sweden.

Downsizing and purchases of psychotropic drugs: A longitudinal study of stayers, changers and unemployed.

Background: The evidence is insufficient regarding the association between organizational downsizing and employee mental health. Our aim was to analyze trajectories of prescribed sedatives and anxiolytics with a sufficiently long follow-up time to capture anticipation, implementation and adaption to a downsizing event among stayers, changers and those who become unemployed compared to unexposed employees.

Method: Residents in Sweden aged 20-54 years in 2007, with stable employment between 2004 and 2007, were followed between 2005 and 2013 (n = 2,305,795).

Gender differences in earnings among people with multiple sclerosis and associations with type of occupation and family composition: A population-based study with matched references.

Gender differences in earnings exist worldwide. Gender segregation or familial status have been previously stated as possible explanations for these differences as well as health differences between women and men. Women are diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) as twice much as men.

Disease-modifying therapies and cost-of-illness progression among people newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis: a national register-based cohort study covering treatment initiation with interferons, glatiramer acetate or natalizumab.

Objectives: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can slow disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to explore the cost-of-illness (COI) progression among newly diagnosed people with MS in relation to the first DMT received.

Design And Setting: A cohort study using data from nationwide registers in Sweden.

Emotional demands and all-cause and diagnosis-specific long-term sickness absence: a prospective cohort study in Sweden.

Background: High emotional demands at work require sustained emotional effort and are associated with adverse health outcomes. We tested whether individuals in occupations with high emotional demands, compared with low demands, had a higher future risk of all-cause long-term sickness absence (LTSA). We further explored whether the risk of LTSA associated with high emotional demands differed by LTSA diagnoses.

Working life sequences over the life course among 9269 women and men in Sweden; a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate working life courses in women and men and possible associations with socioeconomic, health-, and work-related factors.

Methods: A 15-year prospective cohort study of individuals aged 18-50 in paid work at baseline and answering the Swedish Living Conditions Surveys (2000-2003, N = 9269) and their annual economic activity, using nationwide registers. We used sequence and cluster analyses to identify and group similar working life sequences.

A prognostic model for predicting the duration of 20,049 sickness absence spells due to shoulder lesions in a population-based cohort in Sweden.

Main Objective: Sickness absence duration for shoulder lesion patients is difficult to prognosticate, and scientific evidence for the sick-listing practice is lacking. Our objective was to develop a clinically implementable prediction model for the duration of a sickness absence spell due to shoulder lesions.

Methods: All new sickness absence spells due to shoulder lesions (ICD-10-code: M75) issued in the period January 2010-June 2012 that were longer than 14 days were identified through the nationwide sickness absence insurance register.

Trajectories of disease-modifying therapies and associated sickness absence and disability pension among 1923 people with multiple sclerosis in Sweden.

Background: There is limited information on the trajectories of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use and their association with sickness absence and/or disability pension (SADP) among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The objective of the study was to identify trajectories of DMT use over 10 years among PwMS, identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the trajectories, and to assess the association between identified trajectories and SADP days.

Methods: A longitudinal register-based study was conducted, on a prospective data set linked across six nationwide registers, assessing treatment courses of PwMS with DMTs for the 10 years following multiple sclerosis (MS) onset.

Multimorbidity and Sickness Absence/Disability Pension in Patients With Cluster Headache and Matched References: A Swedish Register-Based Study.

Background And Objectives: Multimorbidity among patients with cluster headache (CH) is considered to be high, but large studies are lacking. The aims were to explore the occurrence of diagnosis-specific multimorbidity among patients with CH and matched references and possible associations of this with their sickness absence and disability pension.

Methods: We performed a register-based study of patients with CH and matched references, regarding their multimorbidity, sickness absence, and disability pension.

Excess costs of multiple sclerosis: a register-based study in Sweden.

Background And Objective: Population-based estimates of the socioeconomic burden of multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited, especially regarding primary healthcare. This study aimed to estimate the excess costs of people with MS that could be attributed to their MS, including primary healthcare.

Methods: An observational study was conducted of the 2806 working-aged people with MS in Stockholm, Sweden and 28,060 propensity score matched references without MS.

Sickness absence and disability pension three years before and seven years after first childbirth: A Swedish population-based cohort study.

Aims: There is a widely held belief, in Sweden and internationally, that women with children are more likely to be on sickness absence (SA) than their nulliparous counterparts. However, empirical findings in the field are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to explore initially nulliparous women's patterns of SA and disability pension (DP) three years before and seven years after 2009, by later parity.

Long-term diagnosis-specific sickness absence, disability pension, and healthcare use in 1305 young adult childhood cancer survivors and in 6430 references; a Swedish ten-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at high risk of chronic health conditions. We aimed to explore young adult CCS' and matched references' future diagnoses-specific healthcare use, sickness absence (SA), and disability pension (DP).

Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study with microdata from seven nationwide Swedish registers.

Sickness absence in relation to first childbirth in nulliparous women, employed in the education and care branches in the public or private sectors: A Swedish longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Pregnancy and childbirth entail increased risks of sickness absence (SA). Many women work in education and care, two branches characterised by high SA levels; it is not known if the link between childbirth and SA in these branches differs between private and public sectors. We examined SA and disability pension (DP) in relation to childbirth among women working in the education and care branches, and if these patterns differed between public and private sectors.

Trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension days among 189,321 white-collar workers in the trade and retail industry; a 7-year longitudinal Swedish cohort study.

Objective: 1) identify different trajectories of annual mean number of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) days among privately employed white-collar workers in the trade and retail industries and 2) investigate if sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were associated with trajectory membership.

Methods: A longitudinal population-based cohort register study of all white-collar workers in the trade and retail industry in 2012 in Sweden (N = 189,321), with SA and DP data for 2010-2016. Group-based trajectory analysis was used to identify groups of individuals who followed similar trajectories of SA/DP days.

Clustering of disability pension and socioeconomic disadvantage in Sweden: a geospatial analysis.

Background: To characterize geospatial patterning of disadvantage in Sweden, we examined whether municipal-level indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage and disability pension (DP) rate were clustered, whether the different geospatial clusters were overlapping and whether the findings were similar among women and men.

Methods: Administrative national data from all 290 Swedish municipalities were used to determine the prevalence of DP and socioeconomic disadvantage [poverty, long-term unemployment, income inequality (GINI Index) and income inequality between women and men]. Geospatial cold spots (clusters of municipalities with a DP/socioeconomic disadvantage prevalence lower than the nationwide prevalence) and hot spots (clusters of municipalities with a DP/socioeconomic disadvantage higher than the nationwide prevalence) were identified, and whether a hot spot was overlapping with another hot spot and a cold spot overlapping with another cold spot were analysed using the Getis-Ord Gi statistics.