Impact of Reach Height on Estimated Rotator Cuff Compression Risk in Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury.

Reaching is a common daily activity requiring a range of humeral elevation that contributes to rotator cuff compression. The purpose of this study was to estimate supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon compression risk relative to the acromion and coracoacromial ligament during reaching by manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate 8 participants (7 males, median [range] age 36 y [23-61]).

Functional outcomes and participants' perspectives during short-term application of spinal stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to quantify changes in performance of task-specific motor activities over 12 motor rehabilitation sessions with lumbosacral spinal cord stimulation (SCS) via either transcutaneous stimulation or epidural stimulation. Both stimulation modalities have been used in recent years to restore functions lost to spinal cord injury (SCI). Secondary outcomes examine participants' perspectives captured via the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) upon study completion to further understand their perception of SCS.

Non-invasive spinal cord electrical stimulation for arm and hand function in chronic tetraplegia: a safety and efficacy trial.

Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent impairment of arm and hand functions. Here we conducted a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, open-label, non-significant risk trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of ARC Therapy to improve arm and hand functions in people with chronic SCI. ARC Therapy involves the delivery of externally applied electrical stimulation over the cervical spinal cord during structured rehabilitation.

Intrathecal delivery of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in traumatic spinal cord injury: Phase I trial.

Intrathecal delivery of autologous culture-expanded adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) could be utilized to treat traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). This Phase I trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03308565) included 10 patients with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A or B at the time of injury.

MR elastography-based slip interface imaging (SII) for functional assessment of myofascial interfaces: A feasibility study.

Purpose: Abnormal adherence at functional myofascial interfaces is hypothesized as an important phenomenon in myofascial pain syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of MR elastography (MRE)-based slip interface imaging (SII) to visualize and assess myofascial mobility in healthy volunteers.

Methods: SII was used to assess local shear strain at functional myofascial interfaces in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and thighs.

Intervention Design of High-Intensity Interval Training in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: Narrative Review and Future Perspectives.

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have lower levels of physical activity compared to the nondisabled population. Exercise guidelines recommend moderate or vigorous exercise to improve cardiovascular health and reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in persons with SCI. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular exercise choice and encompasses brief periods of vigorous exercise paired with intermittent periods of recovery.

Bilateral lunotriquetral coalition: a dynamic four-dimensional computed tomography technical case report.

Lunotriquetral coalitions are the most common form of carpal coalition wherein the cartilage between the lunate and triquetrum ossification centers failed to undergo apoptosis. This technical case report examines the arthrokinematics of bilateral lunotriquetral coalitions with dissimilar Minnaar types in one participant with one asymptomatic wrist and one wrist with suspected distal radioulnar joint injury. Static and dynamic (four-dimensional) CT images during pronosupination were captured using a photon-counting detector CT scanner.

At-Home High-Intensity Interval Training for Individuals with Paraplegia Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.

Objective: This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 16-week at-home high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Eight individuals (age: 47±11 (SD) years, 3 females) with SCI below the sixth thoracic vertebrae participated in a 16-week at-home HIIT program using an arm ergometer. Participants completed baseline graded exercise tests to determine target heart rate zones.

Assessing carpal kinematics following scapholunate interosseous ligament injury ex vivo using four-dimensional dynamic computed tomography.

Background: Scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries are prevalent and often challenging to diagnose radiographically. Four-dimensional CT allows visualization of carpal bones during motion. We present a cadaveric model of sequential ligamentous sectionings ("injuries") to quantify their effects on interosseous proximities at the radioscaphoid joint and scapholunate interval.

Evaluation of Scapholunate Injury and Repair with Dynamic (4D) CT: A Preliminary Report of Two Cases.

 In predynamic or dynamic scapholunate (SL) instability, standard diagnostic imaging may not identify SL interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury, leading to delayed detection and intervention. This study describes the use of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) in identifying early SLIL injury and following injured wrists to 1-year postoperatively.  4DCT acquires a series of three-dimensional volume data with high temporal resolution (66 ms).

Evaluating the effect of non-invasive force feedback on prosthetic grasp force modulation in participants with and without limb loss.

Grasping an object is one of the most common and complex actions performed by humans. The human brain can adapt and update the grasp dynamics through information received from sensory feedback. Prosthetic hands can assist with the mechanical performance of grasping, however currently commercially available prostheses do not address the disruption of the sensory feedback loop.

Opinions on noninvasive sensory feedback of upper limb prosthetic users.

Background: Restoring touch perception for individuals with upper extremity limb loss is an ambitious task. It is important to understand how persons with upper limb loss think this would be best achieved.

Methods: An anonymous online survey was developed to obtain data from prosthetic users.

Quantitative Assessment of Clinician Assistance During Dynamic Rehabilitation Using Force Sensitive Resistors.

Neuromodulation using epidural electrical stimulation (EES) has shown functional restoration in humans with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). EES during body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) enhanced stepping performance in clinical trial participants with paraplegia. Unfortunately, tools are lacking in availability to quantify clinician assistance during BWSTT with and without EES.

Trade-off effect of 3d transition metal doped boron nitride on anchoring polysulfides towards application in lithium-sulfur battery.

Sulfur cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) suffer from the notorious "shuttle effect", low sulfur use ratio, and tardy transformation of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), while using two-dimensional (2D) polar anchoring materials combined with single-atom catalysis is one of the promising methods to address these issues. Herein, the 3d transition metal (TM) doped 2D boron nitrides (BN), labeled as TM-BN, are studied for the anchoring and redox kinetics of LiPSs using first principles calculations. From the simulated results, the TM atom and adjacent N atoms are active adsorption sites for binding S atoms in LiPSs/S and Li atoms in LiPSs, respectively.

Optimizing Web-Based Viewer of 4D CT Scans for Clinical Assessment of Injured Wrists.

Wrist injuries pose a unique challenge for patients and providers. Due to the complexity of the wrist, it is difficult to determine if a wrist injury is primarily a bone fracture or soft tissue damage. The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) is an important ligament in the function of the wrist, and it is also one of the most common soft tissue injuries in the wrist.

Voluntary Modulation of Evoked Responses Generated by Epidural and Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation in Humans with Spinal Cord Injury.

Transcutaneous (TSS) and epidural spinal stimulation (ESS) are electrophysiological techniques that have been used to investigate the interactions between exogenous electrical stimuli and spinal sensorimotor networks that integrate descending motor signals with afferent inputs from the periphery during motor tasks such as standing and stepping. Recently, pilot-phase clinical trials using ESS and TSS have demonstrated restoration of motor functions that were previously lost due to spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the spinal network interactions that occur in response to TSS or ESS pulses with spared descending connections across the site of SCI have yet to be characterized.

Alterations of Spinal Epidural Stimulation-Enabled Stepping by Descending Intentional Motor Commands and Proprioceptive Inputs in Humans With Spinal Cord Injury.

Regaining control of movement following a spinal cord injury (SCI) requires utilization and/or functional reorganization of residual descending, and likely ascending, supraspinal sensorimotor pathways, which may be facilitated via task-specific training through body weight supported treadmill (BWST) training. Recently, epidural electrical stimulation (ES) combined with task-specific training demonstrated independence of standing and stepping functions in individuals with clinically complete SCI. The restoration of these functions may be dependent upon variables such as manipulation of proprioceptive input, ES parameter adjustments, and participant intent during step training.

Application and Reliability of Accelerometer-Based Arm Use Intensities in the Free-Living Environment for Manual Wheelchair Users and Able-Bodied Individuals.

Arm use in manual wheelchair (MWC) users is characterized by a combination of overuse and a sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to describe the percentage of daily time MWC users and able-bodied individuals spend in each arm use intensity level utilizing accelerometers. Arm use intensity levels of the upper arms were defined as stationary, low, mid, and high from the signal magnitude area (SMA) of the segment accelerations based on in-lab MWC activities performed by eight MWC users.

Epidural Electrical Stimulation of the Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Improves Trunk Stability During Seated Reaching in Two Humans With Severe Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury.

Quality of life measurements indicate that independent performance of activities of daily living, such as reaching to manipulate objects, is a high priority of individuals living with motor impairments due to spinal cord injury (SCI). In a small number of research participants with SCI, electrical stimulation applied to the dorsal epidural surface of the spinal cord, termed epidural spinal electrical stimulation (ES), has been shown to improve motor functions, such as standing and stepping. However, the impact of ES on seated reaching performance, as well as the approach to identifying stimulation parameters that improve reaching ability, have yet to be described.

Impact of long-term epidural electrical stimulation enabled task-specific training on secondary conditions of chronic paraplegia in two humans.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in chronic secondary health conditions related to autonomic and metabolic dysfunction. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) combined with task-specific training has been shown to enable motor function in individuals with chronic paralysis. The reported effects of EES on secondary health conditions, such as bladder function and body composition, are limited.