Oral or Topical Exposure to Glyphosate in Herbicide Formulation Impacts the Gut Microbiota and Survival Rates of Honey Bees.

Honey bees are important agricultural pollinators that rely on a specific gut microbiota for the regulation of their immune system and defense against pathogens. Environmental stressors that affect the bee gut microbial community, such as antibiotics and glyphosate, can indirectly compromise bee health. Most of the experiments demonstrating these effects have been done under laboratory conditions with pure chemicals.

Association between liver enzymes and bone mineral density in Koreans: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Osteoporosis is a major health concern for both men and women, and associated fractures incur substantial economic burden. While there are a multitude of studies on bone mineral density (BMD) and liver diseases, not many studies have assessed the association between liver enzyme levels and BMD in homogeneous populations.

Methods: The current study investigated the association between serum liver enzyme levels and BMD at various sites in Koreans.

Analysis of medical service use of knee osteoarthritis and knee meniscal and ligament injuries in Korea: a cross-sectional study of national patient sample data.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) and meniscal and ligament injuries of the knee are the two most common knee disorders in Korea. The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic characteristics, medical service use and related costs for these disorders, and the results are expected to help inform practitioners, researchers, and policy-makers.

Methods: The present study aimed to evaluate incidence and patient characteristics, and to assess current medical service use, usual care, and medical expenses of knee disorders by analyzing 2014 national patient sample data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.

Phenyl substitution of cationic bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for iTMC-LEECs.

A series of seven cationic bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes of the form [(C^N)(N^N)Ir][PF] has been designed in order to examine the effect of bulky, hydrophobic phenyl substituents on the structure-property relationship of these ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs). Capping phenyl substituents on the cyclometalating and ancillary ligands allows for individual tuning of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, respectively, yielding an emission range from yellow to red. The complexes in this series exhibit increased quantum yields, up to 70% higher than the unoptimized, archetypal [(2-phenylpyridine)(2,2'-bipyridine)Ir][PF].

Discerning the Impact of a Lithium Salt Additive in Thin-Film Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) from small molecules, such as iridium complexes, have great potential as low-cost emissive devices. In these devices, ions rearrange during operation to facilitate carrier injection, bringing about efficient operation from simple, single-layer devices. Prior work has shown that the luminance, efficiency, and responsiveness of iridium LEECs is greatly enhanced by the inclusion of small fractions of lithium salts, but much remains to be understood about the origin of this enhancement.

Influence of Lithium Additives in Small Molecule Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells.

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) utilizing small molecule emitters such as iridium complexes have great potential as low-cost emissive devices. In these devices, ions rearrange during operation to facilitate carrier injection, bringing about efficient operation from simple, single layer devices. Recent work has shown that the luminance, efficiency, and responsiveness of iridium-based LEECs are greatly enhanced by the inclusion of small amounts of lithium salts (≤0.

Enhanced Luminance of Electrochemical Cells with a Rationally Designed Ionic Iridium Complex and an Ionic Additive.

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) offer the potential for high efficiency operation from an inexpensive device. However, long turn-on times and low luminance under steady-state operation are longstanding LEEC issues. Here, we present a single-layer LEEC with a custom-designed iridium(III) complex and a lithium salt additive for enhanced device performance.

OCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN HEMOPHAGOCYTIC SYNDROME: A NOVEL FUNDUSCOPIC MANIFESTATION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Purpose: Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a rare disease with a spectrum of ocular findings. The authors report a unique funduscopic presentation of HS in a neonate and a discussion of diagnosis, typical features, management, and outcome.

Methods: Single case report with retrospective analysis of the published literature of patients with HS and ocular findings from 1950 to present using the key terms hemophagocytic, lymphohistiocytosis, ocular, and ophthalmic.

Electrochemical modification of indium tin oxide using di(4-nitrophenyl) iodonium tetrafluoroborate.

Optoelectronic applications often rely on indium tin oxide (ITO) as a transparent electrode material. Improvements in the performance of such devices as photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes often requires robust, controllable modification of the ITO surface to enhance interfacial charge transfer properties. In this work, modifier films were deposited onto ITO by the electrochemical reduction of di(4-nitrophenyl) iodonium tetrafluoroborate (DNP), allowing for control over surface functionalization.

Surgical technique for excisional bleb revision using a rotational conjunctival flap for a large conjunctival defect.

Bleb dysesthesia is a common but under recognized late complication of trabeculectomy, sometimes requiring surgical revision if conservative measures fail. We describe in detail a surgical technique for closure of a large conjunctival defect following bleb excision for refractory dysesthesia. Two subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injections were given to improve bleb function.