Outcome analysis of simple and complex urethrocutaneous fistula closure using a de-epithelialized or full thickness skin advancement flap for coverage.

Purpose: We review our experience repairing simple and complex urethrocutaneous fistulas using a de-epithelialized or full thickness skin advancement flap for 2-layer coverage over the fistula.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of 1,092 hypospadias repairs performed at our institution. Urethrocutaneous fistula developed in 66 of those patients and 33 additional patients with fistula were referred from elsewhere.

Virtual reality surgical simulation for lower urinary tract endoscopy and procedures.

Background And Purpose: To provide a realistic experience of lower urinary tract endoscopic procedures, we have developed and continue to expand a computer-based surgical simulator that incorporates a surgical tool interface with anatomic detail and haptic feedback.

Methods: Surface-based geometric data for the lower urinary tract were generated from the National Library of Medicine Visible Human dataset. The three-dimensional texture map of the surface geometry was developed from recorded endoscopic video procedures.