Surviving sudden cardiac arrest-successes, challenges, and opportunities.

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the most common cause of death in the world. This manuscript highlights the various challenges in prevention and early management of SCA and also discusses the current state of SCA awareness. The manuscript also outlines the various national and international initiatives in improving SCA awareness and their impact on improving outcomes in SCA.

Transcriptomic data from the rat liver after five days of exposure to legacy or emerging brominated flame retardants.

Large-scale gene expression analysis of legacy* and emerging** brominated flame retardants were conducted in the male Harlan Sprague Dawley rat [1]. Each animal was dosed for 5 days with the chemical at concentrations of 0.1 - 1000 μmol/kg body weight per day.

Comparative toxicity and liver transcriptomics of legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants following 5-day exposure in the rat.

The relative toxicity of three legacy and six emerging brominated flame retardants* was studied in the male Harlan Sprague Dawley rat. The hepatocellular and thyroid toxicity of each flame retardant was evaluated following five-day exposure to each of the nine flame retardants (oral gavage in corn oil) at 0.1-1000 μmol/kg body weight per day.

Preclinical toxicity evaluation of JD5037, a peripherally restricted CB receptor inverse agonist, in rats and dogs for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

JD5037 is a novel peripherally restricted CB receptor (CBR) inverse agonist being developed for the treatment of visceral obesity and its metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia. JD5037 was administered by oral gavage at 10, 40, and 150 mg/kg/day dose levels for up to 34 days to Sprague Dawley rats, and at 5, 20, and 75 mg/kg/day dose levels for 28 consecutive days to Beagle dogs. In rats, higher incidences of stereotypic behaviors were observed in 10 mg/kg females and 40 mg/kg males, and slower responses for reflex and sensory tests were observed only in males at 10 and 40 mg/kg during neurobehavioral testing.

Impact of Obesity on Robot-Assisted Distal Pancreatectomy.

Background: Obesity has been steadily increasing in the United States. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on surgical outcomes in pancreatic surgery is still controversial. Currently, there is no report related to obesity and robotic pancreatic surgery.

COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL AND SURGICAL VASECTOMY ON TESTICULAR ACTIVITY IN FREE-ROAMING HORSES (EQUUS CABALLUS).

Free-roaming horse (Equus caballus) management is a complex issue incorporating social, economic, emotional, political, and environmental factors. Currently, few proven field techniques exist for managing free-roaming horse population growth, which can reach 20-25% annually. Although there are several strategies available for sterilizing mares when managing free-roaming horse populations, surgical vasectomy is the only method used in the field for stallions.

Fluorescence in robotic surgery.

Currently, there are several clinical applications for intraoperative ICG, such as identification of vascular and biliary anatomy, assessment of organ and tissue perfusion, lymph node mapping, and real-time identification of lesions. In this paper we present a review of the available literature related to the use of ICG fluorescence in robotic surgery in order to provide a better understanding of the current applications, show the rapid growth of this technique, and demonstrate the potential future applications.

Revisions after failed gastric band: sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Introduction: Laparoscopic gastric band is an appealing bariatric operation due to its simplicity and good short-term outcomes; however, it is associated with complications (slippage, erosion, prolapse) and failure in reaching target weight loss. This study describes our experience with failed gastric bands that required a revisional procedure.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective analysis includes all consecutive patients who underwent a gastric band removal and revisional surgery in our hospital from January 2008 to June 2014.

Carcinogenic and inflammatory effects of plutonium-nitrate retention in an exposed nuclear worker and beagle dogs.

Purpose: Plutonium-nitrate has a moderately rapid translocation rate from the lung to blood stream. Previous studies have shown an unexpected retention of soluble plutonium in the beagles and human case studied here. The inflammatory responses that may be associated with long-term exposure to ionizing radiation were characterized.

Fatal Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-like infection in 4 Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus).

Over a 3.5-year period, 4 Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), housed at a single facility, developed clinical disease attributed to infection by Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Ages ranged from 1 to 10 years.

Absence of the dens in a 9.5-year-old rottweiler with non-progressive clinical signs.

Absence of the dens is rarely described in large breed dogs. In this rottweiler, mild neurological deficits seen at 6 mo of age did not progress for the 9.5 y of the dog's life despite lack of surgical intervention.

Aortic dissection associated with an obstructive aortic chondrosarcoma in a dog.

A 6-year-old, 35-kg, female spayed German wirehaired pointer was referred for evaluation of collapse/seizure-like activity and a suspected mediastinal mass. Echocardiographic examination revealed an obstructive, intraluminal aortic mass with aortic dissection. Gross and histopathological findings confirmed the aortic dissection with right pulmonary artery compression and an aortopulmonary fistula.

Increased Survivorship and Altered Cytokine Profile from Treatment of Influenza A H1N1-Infected Mice with Ekybion: A Drug Complex of Natural Extracts and Inorganic Compounds.

Ekybion is a drug complex of 16 natural extracts and inorganic compounds designed to treat a variety of respiratory pathogens of bacterial and viral origin. It is licensed throughout Europe for the treatment of respiratory tract infections from equine parainfluenza type 3 and equine herpes virus type 1 in equine stables. The purpose of this paper was to test the efficacy of Ekybion on a well-developed animal model of influenza A infection and determine a mode of action.

Fatal canine adenoviral pneumonia in two litters of Bulldogs.

Five Bulldog pups, 4 weeks of age or younger, were presented over a 2-day period for postmortem examination and diagnostic evaluation. The pups originated from 2 different litters but had been cared for at a common facility since their birth. All 5 pups died after exhibiting symptoms consisting of lethargy, dyspnea, nasal discharge, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus infected Balb/C mice with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341) results in increased inflammation and mortality.

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is an important pathogen and is associated with mortality in the young, old, and immuno-compromised. Due to the lack of effective therapeutic antivirals or a vaccine, there is a critical need for continued research in this field. Here we tested the ability of the FDA approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to inhibit HRSV in vitro and in vivo.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a German Shepherd dog.

An 11-year-old spayed-female German Shepherd dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kansas State University with a history of weight loss, anorexia, depression, and lethargy for 2-3 weeks. Radiographic examination revealed a mass in the spleen and several round radiodense foci in the liver. CBC results included normocytic normochromic anemia, marked thrombocytopenia, and low numbers of neoplastic cells that frequently had cytoplasmic projections or blebs.

What is your diagnosis? Muculent pleural effusion from a dog.

Pleural effusion was examined from a 5-year-old, female Brittany Spaniel with a 7-day history of dyspnea, anorexia, and diarrhea. The fluid was yellow, cloudy, and slightly gelatinous, and had a total protein concentration of 2.8 g/dL, a total nucleated cell concentration of 1.

Evaluation of local and systemic effects after intramuscular implantation of lead shot alternatives in rats.

Objective: To evaluate the local and systemic effects of IM implantation of lead shot alternatives in rats.

Animals: 22 laboratory rats.

Procedures: Sterile IM implantation of shot metals was performed, with euthanasia and necropsy at 2, 8, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation.

Rhodococcus equi-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in immune horses and development in asymptomatic foals.

Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of pneumonia in young horses; however, adult horses are immune due to their ability to mount protective recall responses. In this study, the hypothesis that R. equi-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are present in the lung of immune horses was tested.

Rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages are recognized and killed by CD8+ T lymphocytes in a major histocompatibility complex class I-unrestricted fashion.

The goal of this research was to examine the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the control of Rhodococcus equi and specifically to determine if R. equi-specific CD8+ CTL occurred in the blood of immune horses. Equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with antigen-presenting cells either infected with R.