Preferred flavors and tobacco use patterns in adult dual users of cigarettes and ENDS.

Objectives: This study examined how adult dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) flavor preference varied by demographics, tobacco history, motives, and expectancies for ENDS, and how ENDS flavor preference was associated with changes in cigarette and ENDS use over 12 months.

Methods: Data come from the baseline and 12-month waves of an observational study of adult dual cigarette and ENDS users (N = 406). Flavor preferences were grouped into 4 categories: tobacco (12.