Transient biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) in an elderly woman without known immunodeficiency: a case report.

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe opportunistic brain disease caused by lytic JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) replication in oligodendrocytes. Although JCPyV infection is common in the general population, PML almost exclusively occurs in patients immunocompromised due to untreated HIV/AIDS, haematological malignancies, primary immunodeficiencies, solid organ transplantation, or immunomodulatory treatment of autoimmune diseases. There is no effective antiviral treatment, and recovery depends on immune reconstitution.

Diagnostic accuracy of anti-3-[F]-FACBC PET/MRI in gliomas.

Purpose: The primary aim was to evaluate whether anti-3-[F]FACBC PET combined with conventional MRI correlated better with histomolecular diagnosis (reference standard) than MRI alone in glioma diagnostics. The ability of anti-3-[F]FACBC to differentiate between molecular and histopathological entities in gliomas was also evaluated.

Methods: In this prospective study, patients with suspected primary or recurrent gliomas were recruited from two sites in Norway and examined with PET/MRI prior to surgery.

The impact of resection in IDH-mutant WHO grade 2 gliomas: a retrospective population-based parallel cohort study.

Objective: IDH-mutant diffuse low-grade gliomas (dLGGs; WHO grade 2) are often considered to have a more indolent course. In particular, in patients with 1p19q codeleted oligodendrogliomas, survival can be very long. Therefore, extended follow-up in clinical studies of IDH-mutant dLGG is needed.

Is the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis?

Introduction: According to the stem cell theory, two neurogenic niches in the adult human brain may harbor cells that initiate the formation of gliomas: The larger subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the hippocampus. We wanted to explore whether defining molecular markers in low-grade gliomas (LGG; WHO grade II) are related to distance to the neurogenic niches.

Methods: Patients treated at two Norwegian university hospitals with population-based referral were included.

Children treated for medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in Norway from 1974 through 2013: Unexplainable regional differences in survival.

Background: A previous study based on Norwegian Cancer Registry data suggested regional differences in overall survival (OS) after treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET) in Norway. The purpose of the present study was to confirm in an extended cohort whether there were regional differences in outcome or not, and if so try to identify possible explanations.

Material And Methods: Data from patients aged 0-20 years diagnosed with and treated for MB/CNS-PNET at all four university hospitals in Norway from 1974 to 2013 were collected and compared.

Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Meningiomas Grades I and II Suggest Shared Biomarkers with Malignant Tumors.

Meningiomas represent the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but few microRNA (miRNA) profiling studies have been reported so far. Deep sequencing of small RNA libraries generated from two human meningioma biopsies WHO grades I (benign) and II (atypical) were compared to excess dura controls. Nineteen differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR using tumor RNA from 15 patients and 5 meninges controls.

Surgical strategies in low-grade gliomas and implications for long-term quality of life.

Reports on long-term health related quality of life (HRQL) after surgery for World Health Organization grade II diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG) are rare. We aimed to compare long-term HRQL in two hospital cohorts with different surgical strategies. Biopsy and watchful waiting was favored in one hospital, while early resections guided with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound was favored in the other.

Surgical strategy in grade II astrocytoma: a population-based analysis of survival and morbidity with a strategy of early resection as compared to watchful waiting.

Background: We recently demonstrated a survival benefit of early resection in unselected diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG). However, heterogeneity within the LGG entity warrants investigation in a homogenous subgroup. Astrocytoma represents the largest subgroup of LGG, and is characterized by diffuse growth and inferior prognosis.

Low grade gliomas in eloquent locations - implications for surgical strategy, survival and long term quality of life.

Background: Surgical management of suspected LGG remains controversial. A key factor when deciding a surgical strategy is often the tumors' perceived relationship to eloquent brain regions

Objective: To study the association between tumor location, survival and long-term health related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with supratentorial low-grade gliomas (LGG).

Methods: Adults (≥18 years) operated due to newly diagnosed LGG from 1998 through 2009 included from two Norwegian university hospitals.

Comparison of a strategy favoring early surgical resection vs a strategy favoring watchful waiting in low-grade gliomas.

Context: There are no controlled studies on surgical treatment of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and management is controversial.

Objective: To examine survival in population-based parallel cohorts of LGGs from 2 Norwegian university hospitals with different surgical treatment strategies.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Both neurosurgical departments are exclusive providers in adjacent geographical regions with regional referral practices.