Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days.

Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs.

A dietary isothiocyanate-enriched moringa () seed extract improves glucose tolerance in a high-fat-diet mouse model and modulates the gut microbiome.

(moringa) has been traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and in water purification. We previously showed that moringa seed extract (MSE), standardized to its primary bioactive isothiocyanate (MIC-1), modulated inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways . To understand the efficacy and mechanisms of action of MSE , we incorporated MSE into the diets of normal and obese C57Bl/6J male mice fed a standard low-fat diet or a very high-fat diet for 12 wk, respectively.

Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health.

We previously showed that C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 1% grape polyphenols (GP) for 12 weeks developed a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila with attenuated metabolic syndrome symptoms. Here we investigated early timing of GP-induced effects and the responsible class of grape polyphenols. Mice were fed HFD, low-fat diet (LFD) or formulations supplemented with GP (HFD-GP, LFD-GP) for 14 days.

Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.

Dietary polyphenols protect against metabolic syndrome, despite limited absorption and digestion, raising questions about their mechanism of action. We hypothesized that one mechanism may involve the gut microbiota. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 1% Concord grape polyphenols (GP).

Concord grape pomace polyphenols complexed to soy protein isolate are stable and hypoglycemic in diabetic mice.

Polyphenols extracted from Concord grape pomace were stabilized by complexation to soy protein isolate (SPI) to produce grape polyphenol-SPI complex (GP-SPI) containing 5% or 10% grape polyphenols. LC-MS and MALDI-TOF analysis showed that a broad range of phytochemicals were present in the grape pomace extract. Anthocyanins and total polyphenols in the GP-SPI complex were stable after a 16-week incubation at 37 °C but were reduced by up 60% in dried grape pomace extract.

Food-compatible method for the efficient extraction and stabilization of cranberry pomace polyphenols.

Cranberry pomace is a byproduct of cranberry processing and is comprised of seeds, skins and stems of the cranberry fruit. While cranberry pomace contains beneficial polyphenols, including proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, it is not a palatable source of these compounds and is typically discarded. In this study, we have developed and optimized a method to extract polyphenols from cranberry pomace using aqueous ethanol, a food grade solvent.

Stable binding of alternative protein-enriched food matrices with concentrated cranberry bioflavonoids for functional food applications.

Defatted soy flour (DSF), soy protein isolate (SPI), hemp protein isolate (HPI), medium-roast peanut flour (MPF), and pea protein isolate (PPI) stably bind and concentrate cranberry (CB) polyphenols, creating protein/polyphenol-enriched matrices. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) in the enriched matrices ranged from 20.75 mg/g (CB-HPI) to 10.