Acute toxicity testing of 6PPD-quinone on the estuarine-dependent sport fish, Sciaenops ocellatus.

Recently, large-scale fish kills in the Pacific Northwest were linked to tire wear particles (TWPs) left on roadways, with the lethality attributed to 6PPD-quinone. which has a median lethal concentration of <1 µg/L for selected salmonids. However, there remains a paucity of 6PPD-quinone toxicity values developed for estuarine fish species, which is particularly significant because estuaries receiving inflows from highly urbanized watersheds are especially vulnerable to TWP contamination.

Implications of biotic factors for toxicity testing in laboratory studies.

There is an emerging call from scientists globally to advance the environmental relevance of laboratory studies, particularly within the field of ecotoxicology. To answer this call, we must carefully examine and elucidate the shortcomings of standardized toxicity testing methods that are used in the derivation of toxicity values and regulatory criteria. As a consequence of rapidly accelerating climate change, the inclusion of abiotic co-stressors are increasingly being incorporated into toxicity studies, with the goal of improving the representativeness of laboratory-derived toxicity values used in ecological risk assessments.

Comparative Effects of Embryonic Metformin Exposure on Wild and Laboratory-Spawned Fathead Minnow () Populations.

Metformin is routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems because of its widespread use as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes. Laboratory studies have shown that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin can alter metabolic pathways and impact the growth of early life stage (ELS) fish; however, it is unknown whether these effects occur in wild populations. Herein, we evaluate whether findings from laboratory studies are representative and describe the relative sensitivities of both populations.

An 'omics approach to investigate the growth effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of guanylurea exposure on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Metformin is a widely prescribed pharmaceutical used in the treatment of numerous human health disorders, including Type 2 Diabetes, and as a results of its widespread use, metformin is thought to be the most prevalent pharmaceutical in the aquatic environment by weight. The removal of metformin during the water treatment process is directly related to the formation of its primary degradation product, guanylurea, generally present at higher concentrations in surface waters relative to metformin. Growth effects observed in 28-day early life stage (ELS) Japanese medaka exposed to guanylurea were found to be similar to growth effects in 28-day ELS medaka exposed to metformin; however, effect concentrations were orders of magnitude below those of metformin.

Planktonic Fiddler Crab () Are Susceptible to Photoinduced Toxicity Following Exposure in Oiled Mesocosms.

Benthic organisms may be exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediments as the result of oil spills. PAH photoinduced toxicity, which has been documented in a wide range of early life stage (ELS) aquatic biota, is a phenomenon by which ultraviolet (UV) radiation potentiates the toxicity of photodynamic PAHs (often leading to mortality). Fiddler crabs ) are important ecosystem engineers that influence biogeochemical cycles via burrowing.

Alterations to the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome of Pimephales promelas and Mus musculus Following Exposure to Dietary Methylmercury.

Mercury is a global contaminant, which may be microbially transformed into methylmercury (MeHg), which bioaccumulates. This results in potentially toxic body burdens in high trophic level organisms in aquatic ecosystems and maternal transfer to offspring. We previously demonstrated effects on developing fish including hyperactivity, altered time-to-hatch, reduced survival, and dysregulation of the dopaminergic system.