Reproductive Services and Conscience-Based Refusals in Obstetrics and Gynecology Training.

Professional bodies such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recognize the impact of conscience-based decisions. The first time such decisions affect patients and providers is in residency. Our study sought to determine the attitudes of program directors towards various conscience-based refusals in potential applicants to obstetrics and gynecology programs.

Directed and enhanced neurite outgrowth following exogenous electrical stimulation on carbon nanotube-hydrogel composites.

Objective: The objective of this work was to test the synergistic effects of substrate stiffness, electro-conductivity, composition and electrical stimulation on the morphology, alignment and directional neurite outgrowth of neuron-like PC12 cells. The use of exogenous electrical stimulation has emerged as a promising new intervention to promote neural regeneration following injury. For critical gap size nerve injuries, a permissive biomaterial coupled to electrical stimulation may be needed to provide guidance and support for neurite outgrowth.