Risk of first hip fracture under treatment with zoledronic acid versus alendronate: a NOREPOS cohort study of 88,000 Norwegian men and women in outpatient care.

Unlabelled: We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture associated with zoledronic acid treatment compared to alendronate on a population level. The risk of hip fracture was lower in women using zoledronic acid and higher in women who had discontinued treatment. The findings support the effectiveness of intravenous bisphosphonate.

Dietary inflammatory pattern and risk of hip fracture in the Nurses' Health Study.

Unlabelled: Our immune system activity is impacted by what we eat and can influence fracture risk under certain conditions. In this article, we show that postmenopausal women with a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern have an increased risk of hip fracture.

Purpose: The immune system influences bone homeostasis and can increase the risk of fracture under certain pro-inflammatory conditions.

No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).

Objective: Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to assess whether average 24-h salt intake estimated from spot urine samples in the adult population of mid-Norway changed from 2006-2008 to 2017-2019 and to describe variations by sex, age and educational level.

Iodine status and determinants in adults in Norway - results from a population-based health examination survey (The HUNT Study).

Background: In Norway, there is a lack of knowledge about the iodine status in the general and older adult population, and there is no established national monitoring programme for iodine. Several studies have indicated that iodine deficiency is prevalent in subgroups of the population. Salt iodisation is currently being considered as a measure to increase the population iodine status.

The medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index and risk of hip fracture - a nationwide NOREPOS cohort study.

Background: Few previous studies have assessed overall morbidity at the individual level with respect to future risk of hip fracture. The aim of this register-based cohort study was to examine the association between morbidity measured by the medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index (Rx-Risk) and the risk of first hip fracture.

Methods: Individual-level data on medications dispensed from pharmacies (2005-2016) was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database and used to calculate Rx-Risk for each calendar year.

Post-injury long-term sickness absence and risk of disability pension: The role of socioeconomic status.

Introduction: Previous research has identified low socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for long-term sickness absence (LTSA) and disability pension (DP) following trauma. However, most studies lack information on medical diagnoses, limiting our understanding of the underlying factors. To address this gap, we retrieved information about diagnostic causes for receipt of welfare benefits to explore the role of SES in the transition from post-injury LTSA to permanent DP among the working population in Norway.

National health registries - a 'goldmine' for studying non-communicable disease occurrence in Norway - the NCDNOR project.

To estimate occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the life-course in the Norwegian population, national health registries are a vital source of information since they fully represent the entire non-institutionalised population. However, as they are mainly established for administrative purposes, more knowledge about how NCDs are recorded in the registries is needed. To establish this, we begin by counting the number of individuals registered annually with one or more NCDs in any of the registries.

Forearm fractures - are we counting them all? An attempt to identify and include the missing fractures treated in primary care.

Objective: Norway has a high incidence of forearm fractures, however, the incidence rates based on secondary care registers can be underestimated, as some fractures are treated exclusively in primary care. We estimated the proportion of forearm fracture diagnoses registered exclusively in primary care and assessed the agreement between diagnosis for forearm fractures in primary and secondary care.

Design: Quality assurance study combining nationwide data from 2008 to 2019 on forearm fractures registered in primary care (Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursement) and secondary care (the Norwegian Patient Registry).

Postvaccination immune responses and risk of primary total hip arthroplasty-A population-based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between individual postvaccination immune responses and subsequent risk of total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method: Results of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) following the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination were used as a marker of individual immune responses. TST results from the mandatory mass tuberculosis screening program 1948-1975 (n = 236 770) were linked with information on subsequent THA during 1987-2020 from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register.

Time-varying exposure to anti-osteoporosis drugs and risk of first-time hip fracture: a population wide study within the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS).

Unlabelled: We investigated the association between bisphosphonate and denosumab use and risk of hip fracture in Norway. These drugs protect against fractures in clinical trials, but their population-level effect is unknown. Our results showed lowered risk of hip fracture for treated women.

Resting heart rate, self-reported physical activity in middle age, and long-term risk of hip fracture. A NOREPOS cohort study of 367,386 men and women.

Enhanced knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors for hip fractures are warranted. We aimed to study the associations between two indicators of physical fitness (resting heart rate and level of physical activity) in middle-aged individuals, and the risk of hip fractures during the subsequent three decades. Data on objectively measured resting heart rate and self-reported leisure time physical activity from a national health survey (1985-1999) was linked to a database including all hip fractures treated in Norwegian hospitals from 1994 through 2018.

Characteristics of fallers who later sustain a hip fracture: a NOREPOS study.

Unlabelled: Fall prevention programs have shown inconclusive results concerning hip fracture reduction. We found that fallers with poor health, low societal participation, and use of psychotropics/painkillers had a threefold to fivefold increased hip fracture risk compared to non-fallers without these risk factors. This may help target fall prevention towards high-risk individuals.

The Association of Cold Ambient Temperature With Fracture Risk and Mortality: National Data From Norway-A Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS) Study.

Norway is an elongated country with large variations in climate and duration of winter season. It is also a high-risk country for osteoporotic fractures, in particular hip fractures, which cause high mortality. Although most hip fractures occur indoors, there is a higher incidence of both forearm and hip fractures during wintertime, compared with summertime.

Injury severity and increased socioeconomic differences: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Several studies have documented an inverse gradient between socioeconomic status (SES) and injury mortality, but the evidence is less consistent for injury morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SES and injury severity for acute hospitalizations in a nationwide population-based cohort.

Methods: We conducted a registry-based cohort study of all individuals aged 25-64 years residing in Norway by 1st of January 2008.

Changes in food habits amongst Norwegian adolescents in 2016 and 2019 according to gender and socioeconomic status.

Background: Monitoring dietary habits is important in order to identify risk groups and as a basis for targeted public health initiatives.

Objective: To study trends in consumption of selected foods and beverages from 2016 to 2019 amongst Norwegian adolescents according to gender and parental education.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional study amongst 25,996 adolescents, aged 14-17 years old.

Increased Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients Living Alone: A NOREPOS Study.

Hip fracture is associated with excess mortality, persisting for many years after the fracture. Several factors may affect survival; however, the role of social support has been less studied. Living situation could be an indicator of a person's social support, which predicts mortality in the general population.

Health care utilisation for treatment of injuries among immigrants in Norway: a nationwide register linkage study.

Background: Previous research has generally found lower rates of injury incidence in immigrant populations than in native-born populations. Most of this literature relies on mortality statistics or hospital data, and we know less about injuries treated in primary health care. The aim of the present study was to assess use of primary and secondary care for treatment of injuries among immigrants in Norway according to geographic origin and type of injury.

Individual Variation in Adaptive Immune Responses and Risk of Hip Fracture-A NOREPOS Population-Based Cohort Study.

Immune-mediated bone loss significantly impacts fracture risk in patients with autoimmune disease, but to what extent individual variations in immune responses affect fracture risk on a population level is unknown. To examine how immune responses relate to risk of hip fracture, we looked at the individual variation in a post-vaccination skin test response that involves some of the immune pathways that also drive bone loss. From 1963 to 1975, the vast majority of the Norwegian adult population was examined as part of the compulsory nationwide Norwegian mass tuberculosis screening.