Influence of cognitive reserve on neuropsychological functioning in bipolar disorder: Findings from a 5-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: The present study examined the 5-year longitudinal course of cognitive functioning in a large sample of well-characterized patients with bipolar disorder (BP), compared to healthy controls (HCs), and the influence of cognitive reserve factors (e.g., education and IQ) on cognitive change over time.

Cognitive reserve and executive function: Effect on judgment of health and safety.

Individuals with the same neurological conditions do not necessarily manifest the same behavioral presentation, which suggests differences in resilience and vulnerability among individuals, a concept known as cognitive reserve. This study sought to explore the relationship among cognitive reserve, executive functioning, and health and safety judgment among a sample of older adult inpatients in an extended medical care unit at a Veterans Health Administration hospital. We hypothesized that cognitive reserve, as determined by an estimate of premorbid intellectual ability, would act as a protective factor against poor judgment in older adults with executive dysfunction.