Differentiation of Providencia species bloodstream infections: A population-based analysis.

Background: Although Providencia species are recognised as important causes of bloodstream infections (BSI), their epidemiology is not well defined due to their infrequent occurrence. Our objective was to determine the overall incidence, determinants, and outcomes of Providencia species BSI, and compare the epidemiology of P. stuartii and P.

Ferrostatin-1 specifically targets mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters and aconitase to improve cardiac function in Sirtuin 3 cardiomyocyte knockout mice.

Aims: Ferroptosis is a form of iron-regulated cell death implicated in ischemic heart disease. Our previous study revealed that Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is associated with ferroptosis and cardiac fibrosis. In this study, we tested whether the knockout of SIRT3 in cardiomyocytes (SIRT3cKO) promotes mitochondrial ferroptosis and whether the blockade of ferroptosis would ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction.

Sex-specific colonic mitochondrial dysfunction in the indomethacin-induced rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and encompasses Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Women appear to have more severe and recurring symptoms of IBD compared to men, most likely due to hormonal fluctuations. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of inflammation and there is evidence of colon mitochondrial alterations in IBD models and patients.

Oxidation of hemoproteins by collapses the cell cytoskeleton and disrupts mitochondrial respiration leading to the cytotoxicity of human lung cells.

(Spn) colonizes the lungs, killing millions every year. During its metabolism, Spn produces abundant amounts of hydrogen peroxide. When produced in the lung parenchyma, Spn-hydrogen peroxide (HO) causes the death of lung cells, and details of the mechanism are studied here.

Oxidation of hemoglobin in the lung parenchyma facilitates the differentiation of pneumococci into encapsulated bacteria.

Unlabelled: Pneumococcal pneumonia causes cytotoxicity in the lung parenchyma but the underlying mechanism involves multiple factors contributing to cell death. Here, we discovered that hydrogen peroxide produced by (Spn-H O ) plays a pivotal role by oxidizing hemoglobin, leading to its polymerization and subsequent release of labile heme. At physiologically relevant levels, heme selected a population of encapsulated pneumococci.

Increased platelet mitochondrial function correlates with clot strength in a rodent fracture model.

Background: Thromboelastographic measures of clot strength increase early after injury, portending higher risks for thromboembolic complications during recovery. Understanding the specific role of platelets is challenging because of a lack of clinically relevant measures of platelet function. Platelet mitochondrial respirometry may provide insight to global platelet function but has not yet been correlated with functional coagulation studies.

HIV-1 Resistance to Islatravir/Tenofovir Combination Therapy in Wild-Type or NRTI-Resistant Strains of Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and islatravir (ISL, 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadensine, or MK-8591) are highly potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Resistance to TDF and ISL is conferred by K65R and M184V, respectively. Furthermore, K65R and M184V increase sensitivity to ISL and TDF, respectively.

Analysis of oxygen consumption rates in zebrafish reveals differences based on sex, age and physical activity recovery.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to a variety of human diseases. Understanding the dynamic alterations in mitochondrial respiration at various stages of development is important to our understanding of disease progression. Zebrafish provide a system for investigating mitochondrial function and alterations during different life stages.

Oxidation of hemoproteins by collapses the cell cytoskeleton and disrupts mitochondrial respiration leading to cytotoxicity of human lung cells.

(Spn) causes pneumonia that kills millions through acute toxicity and invasion of the lung parenchyma. During aerobic respiration, Spn releases hydrogen peroxide (Spn-H O ), as a by-product of enzymes SpxB and LctO, and causes cell death with signs of both apoptosis and pyroptosis by oxidizing unknown cell targets. Hemoproteins are molecules essential for life and prone to oxidation by H O .

The cyclic lipopeptide micafungin induces rupture of isolated mitochondria by reprograming the mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel.

The antifungal activity of the drug micafungin, a cyclic lipopeptide that interacts with membrane proteins, may involve inhibition of fungal mitochondria. In humans, mitochondria are spared by the inability of micafungin to cross the cytoplasmic membrane. Using isolated mitochondria, we find that micafungin initiates the uptake of salts, causing rapid swelling and rupture of mitochondria with release of cytochrome c.

RUPP Th17s cause hypertension and mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney and placenta during pregnancy.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE), new-onset hypertension (HTN), and organ dysfunction during the second half of pregnancy, is associated with an increase in inflammatory immune cells, including T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial (mt) dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of PE though causative factors have yet to be fully identified. Although Th17 cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and mt dysfunction contribute to HTN in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model, the role of Th17 cells or IL-17 in mt dysfunction is unknown.

Sex-specific colonic mitochondrial dysfunction in the indomethacin-induced inflammatory bowel disease model in rats.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Women appear to have more severe and recurring symptoms of IBD compared to men, most likely due to hormonal fluctuations. Studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of inflammation and there is evidence of colon mitochondrial alterations in IBD models and patients.

Requesting air ambulance transport of patients with suspected appendicitis: The decision-making process through the eyes of the rural clinician.

Objective: The primary aim is to explore rural clinicians' self-reported knowledge, skills and attitudes in the decision-making process for requesting aeromedical retrieval of patients with suspected appendicitis. A secondary aim is to understand the supports and barriers of rural clinicians experience in this clinical scenario.

Setting: Clinician interviews conducted face-to-face in three rural hospitals in Central Queensland.

Using a Quality Framework to Explore Air Ambulance Patients' Journey Outcomes in Central Queensland, Australia.

Introduction: In Australia, aeromedical retrieval provides a vital link for rural communities with limited health services to definitive care in urban centers. Yet, there are few studies of aeromedical patient experiences and outcomes, or clear measures of the service quality provided to these patients.

Study Objective: This study explores whether a previously developed quality framework could usefully be applied to existing air ambulance patient journeys (ie, the sequences of care that span multiple settings; prehospital and hospital-based pre-flight, flight transport, after-flight hospital in-patient, and disposition).

Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in white adipose tissue in a rat model of PCOS: effect of SGLT2 inhibition.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by androgen excess and ovulatory dysfunction, is associated with a high prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in women. We demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) administration decreases fat mass without affecting IR in the PCOS model. In male models of IR, administration of SGLT2i decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue (WAT).

Air ambulance retrievals of patients with suspected appendicitis and acute abdominal pain: The patients' journeys, referral pathways and appendectomy outcomes using linked data in Central Queensland, Australia.

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain presentations to the ED and common air ambulance transfer.

Aims: describe how linked data can be used to explore patients' journeys, referral pathways and request-to-activation responsiveness of patients' appendectomy outcomes (minor vs major complexity).

Methods: Data sources were linked: aeromedical, hospital and death.

Improved Physician Understanding of Patient End-of-Life Preferences: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Code status (CS) orders lack a universal definition. We aimed to improve provider understanding of order options.

Measures: Provider's knowledge of CS terminology, ease of understanding CS orders and ease of starting CS discussions.

Measuring More than Mortality: A scoping review of air ambulance outcome measures in a combined Institutes of Medicine and Donabedian quality framework.

Introduction: Measuring the performance of air ambulance services are complex and dynamic due to the variability and interconnectedness of emergency systems. The aim of this study is to review the range and nature of air ambulance outcome measures published in peer review articles and construct a quality framework based on the results. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to identify outcome measures that evaluate the quality of air ambulance services.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know about Implementing a Team Wellness Program.

Palliative care (PC) providers often face challenging and emotional cases while operating in the structures that are not ideally resourced. This combination can lead to burnout and further jeopardize resources from turnover, morale, and decreased productivity. Although many wellness efforts have focused on building personal resilience skills for individuals, programmatic approaches to improve a culture wellness are equally important in supporting clinical teams.

Aeromedical retrievals in Queensland: A five-year review.

Objective: Aeromedical services are an essential part of the healthcare system. Centralised coordination of aeromedical retrieval tasking offers benefits for safety, timeliness and efficiency in service delivery. The aim of the present study is to review aeromedical retrievals in Queensland exploring patient demographics, temporal patterns and usage characteristics.

Air ambulance outcome measures using Institutes of Medicine and Donabedian quality frameworks: protocol for a systematic scoping review.

Background: Dedicated air ambulance services provide a vital link for critically ill and injured patients to higher levels of care. The recent developments of pre-hospital and retrieval medicine create an opportunity for air ambulance providers and policy-makers to utilize a dashboard of quality performance measures to assess service performance. The objective of this scoping systematic review will be to identify and evaluate the range of air ambulance outcome measures reported in the literature and help to construct a quality dashboard based on a healthcare quality framework.

Physician Burnout and Ethics Committees.

This article provides a brief background of key issues in physician burnout, a significant problem in the healthcare industry. The extent and severity of burnout are not well understood; and those seeking help are often stigmatized. A number of different approaches to alleviating burnout have been suggested, but the problem lacks any single or simple solution.

A Program Profile of Air Medical Transport in Regional Central Queensland, Australia.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of air medical patients and referral patterns in Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service (CQHHS).

Methods: Analysis of air medical transport from January 2010 to December 2014. Air medical tasks within the local health service boundary were included.

Opportunities for Palliative Care in Patients With Burn Injury-A Systematic Review.

Context: Patients with significant burn injuries likely have palliative care needs.

Objectives: We performed a systematic review of existing evidence concerning the palliative care needs of burn patients.

Methods: Through November 26, 2018, we systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, using terms representing burn injuries and the eight domains of quality palliative care as outlined by the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care.

Review article: Primary aeromedical retrievals in Australia: An interrogation and search for context.

Primary aeromedical retrievals are a direct scene response to patients with a critical injury or illness using a medically equipped aircraft. They are often high-acuity taskings. In Australia, information on primary retrieval taskings is housed by service providers, of which there are many across the country.