Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Respiratory Bacteria from Weaned Dairy Heifers.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of mortality and antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in weaned dairy heifers. Limited information is available regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory bacteria in this population. This study determined AMR gene presence in 326 respiratory isolates (, , and ) from weaned dairy heifers using whole genome sequencing.

Serovar Dublin from Cattle in California from 1993 to 2019: Characterization and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Diversity.

For this study, antimicrobial susceptibility data for enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin)-a well-known cattle-adapted pathogen with current concerns for multidrug resistance-were recovered from cattle at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS) over the last three decades (1993-2019) and were evaluated using tools to capture diversity in antimicrobial resistance.

Serovar from Cattle in California from 1993-2019: Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of Clinical Relevance.

subsp. serovar () is a cattle-adapted pathogen that has emerged as one of the most commonly isolated and multidrug resistant (MDR) serovars in cattle. may be shed in feces, milk, and colostrum and persist in asymptomatic cattle, leading to spread and outbreaks in herds.

Diarrhea outbreak associated with coronavirus infection in adult dairy goats.

Background: Infection by coronaviruses cause gastrointestinal disease in many species. Little is known about its prevalence and importance in goats.

Objective: Identify the etiology, demographics, and clinical features of an outbreak of diarrhea in adult goats.

Generalized dermatophytosis caused by in 8 juvenile black bears in California.

From 2014-2019, 8 juvenile black bears () from different geographic regions were presented to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife because of emaciation, alopecia, and exfoliative dermatitis that resulted in death or euthanasia. Autopsy and histopathology revealed that all 8 bears had generalized hyperkeratotic dermatitis, folliculitis, and furunculosis. Skin structures were heavily colonized by fungal hyphae and arthrospores; fungal cultures of skin from 7 bears yielded , a zoophilic dermatophyte reported only rarely in non-equid species.

In-vitro antibiotic resistance phenotypes of respiratory and enteric bacterial isolates from weaned dairy heifers in California.

Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be concerning for development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory and enteric bacteria of cattle. This study aimed to provide data regarding AMR in respiratory isolates, and identify relationships between respiratory and enteric AMD susceptibility, in weaned dairy heifers. A cross-sectional study was performed between June of 2019 and February 2020, on 6 calf rearing facilities in California.

Effects of eye patches on corneal ulcer healing and weight gain in stocker steers on pasture: a randomized controlled trial.

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a painful ocular disease in cattle that is characterized by the presence of a corneal ulcer and production losses. A common industry practice is to cover an affected eye with a piece of cloth to reduce exposure to face flies and ultraviolet light with the goal of alleviating pain, accelerating healing, and reducing spread. To study the efficacy of eye patches in the treatment of IBK, a group of 216 clinically normal Angus crossbred steers were followed between April and August 2019 and evaluated weekly for the development of IBK.

Component Causes of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis-Non-Moraxella Organisms in the Epidemiology of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis.

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease complex caused by opportunistic pathogens, classically those members of the genus Moraxella. However, IBK in some situations is associated with other potentially pathogenic agents, which include Mycoplasma bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Ureaplasma diversum, bovine herpesviruses, and Chlamydia sp. Ocular infections that may resemble IBK are also caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

Relatedness of type IV pilin PilA amongst geographically diverse isolated from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

is frequently isolated from the eyes of cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; pinkeye). As with which has been causally linked to IBK, expresses an RTX (repeats in the structural toxin) cytotoxin that is related to cytotoxin. Pilin, another pathogenic factor in , is required for corneal attachment.

Campylobacter pinnipediorum subsp. caledonicus and C. pinnipediorum subsp. pinnipediorum recovered from abscesses in pinnipeds.

Campylobacter pinnipediorum was described recently for isolates recovered from pinnipeds. The novel species was further split into 2 subspecies based on host and geography, with C. pinnipediorum subsp.

Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal culture and PCR-based tests for the detection of in California cull dairy cattle.

Epidemiological studies of low prevalence disease problems are often hindered by the high cost of diagnostic testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCR screening of both individual and pooled fecal samples from culled dairy cows for the A gene of followed by culture to determine if the sensitivity and specificity were comparable to the results from traditional culture methods applied to individual samples. Cows from six different dairies were sampled in all four seasons.

Characterization of an Outbreak of Infectious Coryza () in Commercial Chickens in Central California.

In 2017, the Turlock branch of the California Animal Health & Food Safety laboratory system received a significant increase in infectious coryza (IC) necropsy cases, with a total of 54 submissions originating from commercial broilers ( = 40), commercial layers ( = 11), and backyard chickens ( = 3). Layer flocks positive for IC were distributed within the adjacent counties of Merced and Stanislaus, while broiler flocks were concentrated within Merced County. The backyard flocks were located in Alameda and Sacramento counties.

Validation of a real-time PCR assay for high-throughput detection of in chicken respiratory sites.

is the causative agent of infectious coryza, a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Given its fastidious nature, this bacterium is difficult to recover and identify, particularly from locations colonized by normal bacterial flora. Standard PCR methods have been utilized for detection but are labor-intensive and not feasible for high-throughput testing.

High Efficiency Drug Repurposing Design for New Antifungal Agents.

Current antifungal interventions have often limited efficiency in treating fungal pathogens, particularly those resistant to commercial drugs or fungicides. Antifungal drug repurposing is an alternative intervention strategy, whereby new utility of various marketed, non-antifungal drugs could be repositioned as novel antifungal agents. In this study, we investigated "chemosensitization" as a method to improve the efficiency of antifungal drug repurposing, wherein combined application of a second compound (viz.

Surveillance for Avibacterium paragallinarum in autopsy cases of birds from small chicken flocks using a real-time PCR assay.

Infectious coryza is a severe respiratory disease of chickens associated with large economic losses in affected commercial flocks. The fastidious causative pathogen, Avibacterium paragallinarum, is difficult to recover and identify, resulting in delayed diagnosis and enhanced spread of the agent. Small poultry flocks are increasingly common in rural and suburban environments.

Draft Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Abortive from Northern California.

is an enteric bacterium that can cause abortion in livestock. This is the release of a multidrug-resistant genome from an isolate that caused an abortion in a cow in northern California. This isolate is part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project.

Multilaboratory Survey To Evaluate Salmonella Prevalence in Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic Dogs and Cats in the United States between 2012 and 2014.

Eleven laboratories collaborated to determine the periodic prevalence of in a population of dogs and cats in the United States visiting veterinary clinics. Fecal samples (2,965) solicited from 11 geographically dispersed veterinary testing laboratories were collected in 36 states between January 2012 and April 2014 and tested using a harmonized method. The overall study prevalence of in cats (3 of 542) was <1%.

Draft Genome Sequences of Campylobacter jejuni Strains That Cause Abortion in Livestock.

Campylobacter jejuni is an intestinal bacterium that can cause abortion in livestock. This publication announces the public release of 15 Campylobacter jejuni genome sequences from isolates linked to abortion in livestock. These isolates are part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project and are from clinical cases at the University of California (UC) Davis.

Genomic Comparison of Campylobacter spp. and Their Potential for Zoonotic Transmission between Birds, Primates, and Livestock.

Campylobacter is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds, including American crows, are abundant in urban, suburban, and agricultural settings and are likely zoonotic vectors of Campylobacter Their proximity to humans and livestock increases the potential spreading of Campylobacter via crows between the environment, livestock, and humans. However, no studies have definitively demonstrated that crows are a vector for pathogenic Campylobacter We used genomics to evaluate the zoonotic and pathogenic potential of Campylobacter from crows to other animals with 184 isolates obtained from crows, chickens, cows, sheep, goats, humans, and nonhuman primates.

Characterization of Pajaroellobacter abortibovis, the etiologic agent of epizootic bovine abortion.

Epizootic bovine abortion (EBA), first identified in the 1950s, is a major contributor of economic loss to western U.S. beef producers.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Animal-Source Salmonella Heidelberg Isolates.

Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is frequently implicated in human foodborne Salmonella infections and often produces more severe clinical disease than other serotypes. Livestock and poultry products represent a potential risk for transmission to humans.

Effects of bacterial contamination of media on the diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus by culture and real-time PCR.

The venereal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus causes early embryonic death and abortion in cattle. With no approved treatment, control involves detection of infected animals and their removal from the herd. Culture is the traditional diagnostic method; standard media are formulated to support protozoal growth while suppressing competing organisms which may prevent microscopic recognition of T.

Suppurative otitis and ascending meningoencephalitis associated with Bacteroides tectus and Porphyromonas gulae in a captive Parma wallaby (Macropus parma) with toxoplasmosis.

A 6-year-old female Parma wallaby (Macropus parma) at a zoo in California developed acute ataxia and left-sided circling. Despite intensive care, clinical signs progressed to incoordination and prostration, and the animal was euthanized. At necropsy, the left tympanic cavity was filled with homogeneous suppurative exudate that extended into the cranium expanding the meninges and neuroparenchyma in the lateral and ventral aspect of the caudal ipsilateral brainstem and medulla oblongata.

Disseminated histoplasmosis in two juvenile raccoons (Procyon lotor) from a nonendemic region of the United States.

Two 6-month-old raccoon kits, which had been rescued and fostered in preparation for return to the wild, became acutely ill and died 3 weeks before scheduled release. At necropsy, the kits had grossly enlarged livers and spleens, diffusely consolidated lungs, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Histologically, extensive infiltrates of macrophages containing yeast organisms were identified in lung, liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, intestinal tissues, brain, adrenal gland, bone marrow, and thymus of both animals.