Least significant change with repeat bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements in children with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: Bioelectrical impedance is used clinically to assess body composition. To determine true (rather than chance/measurement error) change in bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements over time, it is necessary to know their least significant change. Least significant change represents values exceeding the 95% prediction interval of the precision error of repeat measurements.

Longitudinal Links between Changes in Body Composition and Liver Disease Severity in Children and Adolescents with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between longitudinal changes in body composition and liver disease severity in children with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Study Design: This longitudinal, single-center, retrospective analysis included patients aged <20 years followed for MASLD who had had ≥2 bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIAs) performed. MASLD regression was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization or a decrease of >50% from baseline.

Food Insecurity and Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity.

Objective: To determine the association between food insecurity and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients < 21 years of age with histologically confirmed NAFLD. The Household Food Security Survey Module was administered to determine food insecurity status.

Clinically Meaningful Body Mass Index Change Impacts Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who reduce their body mass index (BMI) z-score (BMIz) by >.25, a goal in obesity medicine, and to determine the BMIz decrease needed for serum aminotransferase normalization.

Study Design: This retrospective, single-center study included patients aged <18 years followed for NAFLD.

Health-Related Social Needs Facing Youth with NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of health-related social needs among youth with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Retrospective review of prospectively administered health-related social needs questionnaires from Steatohepatitis Clinics.

Results: Patients with NAFLD (n=271) were predominantly male (72%), and non-Hispanic (68%).

Insight Into the Adolescent Patient Experience With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease in youth, yet little is known about the adolescent patient's experience with NAFLD, which is key for treatment engagement. We examined adolescents' experiences with NAFLD diagnosis, thoughts on how NAFLD affects their daily life, understanding and perceptions of diagnosis and treatment, and impressions of how to improve care.

Methods: Utilizing a mixed-method design, adolescents with NAFLD (N = 16; Mean age = 15.

Non-Invasive Approaches to Estimate Liver Steatosis and Stiffness in Children With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objectives: To develop pediatric-specific models that predict liver stiffness and hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), based on clinical and laboratory data.

Methods: Children with NAFLD, who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging with proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) for steatosis quantification and/or magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for liver stiffness assessment were included. We used data from patients imaged between April 2009 to July 2018 to develop a predictive model for fat fraction and stiffness.

Impedance-based measures of muscle mass can be used to predict severity of hepatic steatosis in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between measures of body composition based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and histologic severity of liver disease in a pediatric cohort with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients < 20 y old with histologically confirmed NAFLD followed in our Steatohepatitis Center from 2017 to 2019. Contemporaneous body-composition data were obtained using a multifrequency octopolar BIA device (InBody 370, InBody, Seoul, South Korea).

A Diet High in Fat and Fructose Induces Early Hepatic Mitochondrial Aging.

To investigate the effect of high fructose diet on ultrastructure and content of hepatic mitochondria, we randomized 6-8 weeks old male C57Bl6/J mice to ad lib chow or high-fat-high-fructose (HF2) diet for 32 weeks. HF2-fed mice gained more weight, had higher plasma alanine aminotransferase, and fasting glucose levels and increased hepatic triglyceride content at all time points compared to chow-fed mice. HF2-fed mice had lower mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratio compared to chow-fed mice.

Body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis is a viable alternative to magnetic resonance imaging in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective: To determine the relationship between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained measures of body composition in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Youth with obesity and NAFLD who had BIA and abdominal MRI testing were included. BIA measured skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), trunk muscle mass (TMM), and percent body fat.

Alternative Etiologies of Liver Disease in Children With Suspected NAFLD.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of alternative causes of liver disease in a cohort of youth with overweight and obesity undergoing evaluation for suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≤18 years with overweight and obesity and evidence of elevated serum aminotransferases and/or hepatic steatosis on imaging, referred for suspected NAFLD to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (2009-2017) or Yale New Haven Children's Hospital (2012-2017). Testing was performed to exclude the following: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Wilson disease, viral hepatitis (B and C), thyroid dysfunction, celiac disease, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and hemochromatosis.

Can Baseline Characteristics be Used to Predict Liver Disease Outcomes in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

Objective: Longitudinal studies on childhood predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine whether baseline clinical or laboratory measures predict liver disease outcomes in a pediatric NAFLD cohort.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with presumed NAFLD was conducted using baseline and follow-up clinical and laboratory measures.

Muscle Mass Is Linked to Liver Disease Severity in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objective: To investigate the association between muscle mass and liver disease severity in pediatric patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Study Design: This was a retrospective study of patients aged <20 years followed from 2009 to 2018. Muscle mass was estimated in all patients by measuring magnetic resonance imaging-based total psoas muscle surface area (tPMSA) and correcting for height (tPMSA index = tPMSA/height).

Significance of autoantibody seropositivity in children with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Autoantibodies are frequently positive in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without concurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The clinical significance of this is unknown in children.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of autoantibody positivity in pediatric NAFLD and to evaluate its association with disease severity.

Glomerular Hyperfiltration Is Associated with Liver Disease Severity in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of renal impairment in a large cohort of youths with histologically confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to determine its association with liver disease severity.

Study Design: Clinical, laboratory, and histology data were collected retrospectively in a pediatric cohort with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2017. Histological NAFLD severity was scored using validated criteria.

Identifying Predictors of Response to Vitamin E for the Treatment of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Background: A subset of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) respond to treatment with vitamin E. The characteristics of responders are not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of vitamin E use in clinical practice and to determine factors associated with response to treatment.

Community Socioeconomic Deprivation and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity.

Background And Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity. Obesity is associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES). An independent link between pediatric NAFLD and SES has not been elucidated.

Psychotropic Medications Are Associated With Increased Liver Disease Severity in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether pediatric patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exposed to psychotropic medications have more severe liver disease compared to their counterparts who are not on these medications. We hypothesize that use of psychotropic agents is associated with liver disease severity.

Methods: Children and adolescents with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD were included in this study.

Extremely low levels of low-density lipoprotein potentially suggestive of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia: A separate phenotype of NAFLD?

Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 50 mg/dL may suggest familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, particularly in patients with hepatic steatosis. The prevalence of hypobetalipoproteinemia in cohorts with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not known, and it is not clear whether the severity of liver disease of these patients is different. The objective of this study was to address these questions in a large pediatric NAFLD cohort.

Serum Immunoglobulin A Levels Do Not Correlate With Liver Disease Severity in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a biomarker of liver disease severity in adult nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective of this study was to assess whether this is true in pediatric NAFLD. This was a retrospective study of children followed in the Steatohepatitis Center of a tertiary care center (2010-2017).

Assessment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression in Children Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: To assess liver disease progression using paired magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of liver fat fraction (FF) and stiffness.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study including patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease who had undergone repeat MRI studies. Descriptive statistics were used, as well as Pearson or Spearman correlation when appropriate.

Quantitative Liver MRI-Biopsy Correlation in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Can One Be Used to Predict the Other?

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between quantitative liver MRI measurements and liver biopsy findings in pediatric and young adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Materials And Methods: Data were obtained from a registry that prospectively enrolls pediatric and young adult patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD at our tertiary medical center with parent or guardian and subject informed consent, as appropriate. Patients enrolled between November 2007 and June 2016 with a quantitative liver MRI examination within 6 months of biopsy were included (n = 69).