The effects of sleep deprivation and text messaging on pedestrian safety in university students.

Study Objectives: This study assesses the impact of sleep deprivation and text messaging on pedestrian injury risk.

Methods: A total of 36 university students engaged in a virtual reality pedestrian environment in two conditions: sleep deprived (no sleep previous night) and normal sleep (normal sleep routine). Sleep was assessed using actigraphy and pedestrian behavior via four outcomes: time to initiate crossing, time before contact with oncoming vehicle, hits/close calls, and looks left/right.

Effect of positive airway pressure therapy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: does positive airway pressure use reduce pedestrian injury risk?

Introduction: Treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy reduces injury risk among adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but the effect of PAP therapy on children's injury risk is unknown. This study investigated whether treatment of OSAS with PAP reduces children's pedestrian injury risk in a virtual reality pedestrian environment.

Methods: Forty-two children ages 8-16 years with OSAS were enrolled upon diagnosis by polysomnography.

Quality of Life in Youth With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) Treated With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy.

Objective/background: Improvement is sought for youth with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) who have poor quality of life (QoL), which resolves somewhat following treatment. One mitigating factor in improved QoL following treatment may be adherence to the CPAP protocol, which presents a barrier to most youth. This study explored relations between CPAP adherence and QoL in youth with OSAS.

Obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movement disorder in a population of children with hypertension and/or nocturnal nondipping blood pressures.

There is a reported association between hypertension (HTN) and sleep disorders. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening children with HTN for sleep disorders because sleep disorders increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. We quantified the frequency and severity of sleep disorders within our institution's hypertensive pediatric population and evaluated the effectiveness of performing nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG).

Impact of Media Use on Adolescent Sleep Efficiency.

Objective: In 2010, American youth aged 8 to 18 spent an average of 7.5 hours daily using entertainment media, an increase of more than an hour compared with 2005. Increase in media use is associated with multiple negative outcomes, including decreased sleep time and increased tiredness, but little research has examined whether media use is associated with poorer sleep efficiency when the individual is actually asleep.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Children with Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence Versus Matched Healthy Children.

Background: Hypersomnia of central origin from narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia (IHS) is characterized by pathological levels of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Central hypersomnia has historically been underdiagnosed and poorly understood, especially with respect to its impact on daytime functioning and quality of life in children.

Objective: Describe the psychosocial adjustment of children treated for narcolepsy or IHS on school performance, quality of life, and physical/extracurricular activities.

Comparison of a Commercial Accelerometer with Polysomnography and Actigraphy in Children and Adolescents.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the commercially available Fitbit Ultra (2012) accelerometer compared to polysomnography (PSG) and two different actigraphs in a pediatric sample.

Design And Setting: All subjects wore the Fitbit Ultra while undergoing overnight clinical polysomnography in a sleep laboratory; a randomly selected subset of participants also wore either the Ambulatory Monitoring Inc. Motionlogger Sleep Watch (AMI) or Phillips-Respironics Mini-Mitter Spectrum (PRMM).

Topical Review: Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: Implications for Health-Related Quality of Life and Potential Avenues for Future Research.

Objective: To characterize the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) as well as generate novel hypotheses for future research in this pediatric population.

Method: A literature review was completed using PubMed and the keywords below.

Results: Research has shown that for children with EoE and their parents, symptom experiences and recommended treatments can have a negative impact on HRQoL.

Sleep patterns, sleep instability, and health related quality of life in parents of ventilator-assisted children.

Study Objectives: Parents of children with chronic illnesses have poorer health related quality of life (HRQoL), shorter sleep duration, and poorer sleep quality than parents of healthy children. However, night-to-night variability of sleep in parents has not previously been considered. This study compared the sleep patterns of parents of ventilator-assisted children (VENT) and healthy, typically developing children (HEALTHY), and examined the relationship between sleep variability and perceived HRQoL.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome increases pedestrian injury risk in children.

Objectives: To evaluate pedestrian behavior, including reaction time, impulsivity, risk-taking, attention, and decision-making, in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) compared with healthy controls.

Study Design: Using a case control design, 8- to 16-year-olds (n = 60) with newly diagnosed and untreated OSAS engaged in a virtual reality pedestrian environment. Sixty-one healthy children matched using a yoke-control procedure by age, race, sex, and household income served as controls.

The Children's Report of Sleep Patterns: validity and reliability of the Sleep Hygiene Index and Sleep Disturbance Scale in adolescents.

Objective: Sleep is critical for adolescent health and well-being. However, there are a limited number of validated self-report measures of sleep for adolescents and no well-validated measures of sleep that can be used across middle childhood and adolescence. The Children's Report of Sleep Patterns (CRSP) has been validated in children aged 8-12 years.

Does excessive daytime sleepiness affect children's pedestrian safety?

Study Objectives: Many cognitive factors contribute to unintentional pedestrian injury, including reaction time, impulsivity, risk-taking, attention, and decision-making. These same factors are negatively influenced by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which may place children with EDS at greater risk for pedestrian injury.

Design Participants And Methods: Using a case-control design, 33 children age 8 to 16 y with EDS from an established diagnosis of narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia (IHS) engaged in a virtual reality pedestrian environment while unmedicated.

The effects of acute sleep restriction on adolescents' pedestrian safety in a virtual environment.

Purpose: Over 8,000 American adolescents ages 14-15 years require medical attention owing to pedestrian injury annually. Cognitive factors contributing to pedestrian safety include reaction time, impulsivity, risk taking, attention, and decision making. These characteristics are also influenced by sleep restriction.

Sleep quality, stress, caregiver burden, and quality of life in maternal caregivers of young children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Little is known about the influence of sleep quality, stress, and caregiver burden on quality of life in maternal caregivers of young children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In 61 maternal caregivers (mean age 29.59 years) of young children with BPD (mean age 13.

Clinical application of actigraphy in psychotic disorders: a systematic review.

Actigraphy has become increasingly recognized as a useful method to study sleep/wake patterns and activity monitoring. It is a reliable tool for confirming a diagnosis and evaluating the effect of treatments for sleep problems in patients with primary psychiatric diagnoses such as schizophrenia. In addition, actigraphy is an objective measure that circumvents the lack of insight and often unreliable self-reporting of mental health related problems.

The Children's Report of Sleep Patterns (CRSP): a self-report measure of sleep for school-aged children.

Study Objectives: (1) Present preliminary psychometrics for the Children's Report of Sleep Patterns (CRSP), a three-module measure of Sleep Patterns, Sleep Hygiene, and Sleep Disturbance; and (2) explore whether the CRSP provides information about a child's sleep above and beyond parental report.

Methods: A multi-method, multi-reporter approach was used to validate the CRSP with 456 children aged 8-12 years (inclusive). Participants were recruited from pediatricians' offices, sleep clinics/laboratories, children's hospitals, schools, and the general population.

Treatment of paradoxical insomnia with atypical antipsychotic drugs. A comparison of olanzapine and risperidone.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 2 atypical anti-psychotic drugs, olanzapine and risperidone, in the treatment of paradoxical insomnia.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study over a 2-year period (September 2008 to September 2010), 29 patients with paradoxical insomnia, diagnosed in Kermanshah, Iran by both psychiatric interview and actigraphy, were randomly assigned to 2 groups. For 8 weeks, the first group (n=14) was treated with 10 mg olanzapine daily, and the second group (n=15) was treated with 4 mg risperidone daily.

High-fidelity simulation training for sleep technologists in a pediatric sleep disorders center.

Study Objectives: Severe events of respiratory distress can be life threatening. Although rare in some outpatient settings, effective recognition and management are essential to improving outcomes. The value of high-fidelity simulation has not been assessed for sleep technologists (STs).

The Children's Report of Sleep Patterns--Sleepiness Scale: a self-report measure for school-aged children.

Objective: To establish the psychometric properties of a self-report measure of daytime sleepiness for school-aged children.

Methods: Three hundred eighty-eight children aged 8-12years (inclusive) from paediatrician's offices, sleep clinic/labs, children's hospitals, schools, and the general population were recruited. A multi-method approach was used to validate the Children's Report of Sleep Patterns--Sleepiness Scale (CRSP-S), including self-report measures (questions about typical sleep), parent-report measures (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ], proxy version of CRSP-S, Children's Sleep Hygiene Scale [CSHS], morningness-eveningness) and objective measures (actigraphy and polysomnography [PSG]).

Examining sleep, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in pediatric multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: About 2-5% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience their first symptoms before age 18. Sleep disorders occur frequently in MS. The prevalence of sleep problems and their impact on fatigue and daytime sleepiness in pediatric MS is unknown.

Ramelteon for Insomnia Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of ramelteon for insomnia in adult subjects with ADHD.

Experimental Design: For this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 8 mg of ramelteon was given nightly, within three hours of bedtime, to ADHD-insomnia subjects confirmed by DSM-IV-TR, ADHD-RS, MINI, and clinical interview. All subjects underwent two weeks each of ramelteon and placebo.

Assessment and treatment of common pediatric sleep disorders.

Current evidence indicates that chronically disrupted sleep in children and adolescents can lead to problems in cognitive functioning. Behavioral interventions for pediatric sleep problems (e.g.

Behavioral intervention to increase compliance with electroencephalographic procedures in children with developmental disabilities.

The EEG, or electroencephalogram, is a neurophysiological technique used to detect and record electrical activity in the brain. It is critical to the diagnosis and management of seizure disorders, such as epilepsy, as well as other neurological conditions. The EEG procedure is often not well tolerated by children with developmental disabilities because of anxiety about unfamiliar equipment, difficulty inhibiting motion, and tactile defensiveness.

Snoring, sleep quality, and sleepiness across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes.

Study Objectives: To characterize the relationship between pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes, chronic snoring, and indexes of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.

Design: A cross-sectional design with planned comparisons of ADHD (all subtypes) versus general community controls; ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD-I) versus a group with both ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive Type (ADHD-HI) and ADHD Combined Type (ADHD-C); and ADHD-HI versus ADHD-C.

Setting: Subjects recruited from a pediatric clinic, a university psycholgy clinic, and the general community.