A perspective on the development of the Ames Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity assay.

This Virtual Special Issue of Mutation Research is dedicated to Professor Bruce N. Ames in recognition of his 90 birthday in December 2018. His pioneering work in the field of chemical mutagenesis resulted in the well-known Ames Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity assay that has played a pivotal role since the 1970s in the field of genetic toxicology.

Diagnostic accuracy of the InBiOS AMD rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei antigen in grown blood culture broth.

To assess the diagnostic and operational performance of the InBiOS AMD rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (Seattle, USA) for the detection of B. pseudomallei in grown blood culture broth. The InBiOS RDT is a lateral flow immunoassay in a strip format detecting B.

The role of human endogenous retroviruses in brain development and function.

Endogenous retroviral sequences are spread throughout the genome of all humans, and make up about 8% of the genome. Despite their prevalence, the function of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in humans is largely unknown. In this review we focus on the brain, and evaluate studies in animal models that address mechanisms of endogenous retrovirus activation in the brain and central nervous system (CNS).

Repurposing FDA-approved drugs to combat drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Objective: The rising occurrence of drug-resistant pathogens accentuates the need to identify novel antibiotics. We wanted to identify new scaffolds for drug discovery by repurposing FDA-approved drugs against Acinetobacter baumannii, an emerging Gram-negative nosocomial drug-resistant pathogen.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we screened 1040 FDA-approved drugs against drug-susceptible A.

Evaluation of chemopreventive agents for genotoxic activity.

We conducted genetic toxicity evaluations of 11 candidate chemopreventive agents with the potential for inhibiting carcinogenesis in humans at increased risk of cancer. The compounds were evaluated for bacterial mutagenesis in the Salmonella-E. coli assay, for mammalian mutagenesis in mouse lymphoma cells, for chromosome aberrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, and for micronucleus induction in mouse bone marrow.

Isolation of plasmid pKM101 in the Stocker laboratory.

pKM101 is a mutagenesis-enhancing resistance transfer plasmid (R plasmid) that was introduced into several tester strains used in the Salmonella/microsome mutation assay (Ames test). Plasmid pKM101 has contributed substantially to the effectiveness of the Ames assay, which is used on a world-wide basis to detect mutagens and is required by many government regulatory agencies for approval to market new drugs and other chemical agents. Widely used since 1975, the Ames test is still regarded as one of the most sensitive genetic toxicity assays and a useful short-term test for predicting carcinogenicity in animals.

Salmonella /Mammalian-Microsome Test to Detect Chemical Mutagens.

With few exceptions, chemical mutagens are carcinogens. A number of short-term microbial pre-screening procedures for detection of potential chemical mutagens are now available. One of these, the Salmonella /mammalian-microsome assay (Ames test), has proven to be highly reliable in predicting what chemicals are potential carcinogens.