Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity and Cytotoxicity of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids from .

The Amaryllidaceae species are well-known as a rich source of bioactive compounds in nature. Although has been studied for decades, its polar components were rarely explored. The current phytochemical investigation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from led to the identification of three previously undescribed compounds: -demethyl-norlycoramine (), (-)-2--pseudolycorine () and (+)-2--pseudolycorine (), together with eight known compounds: 6α-hydroxyhippeastidine (), 6β-hydroxyhippeastidine (), lycorine (), 2--lycorine (), zephyranthine (), ungeremine (), pancratistatin () and 9--demethyl-7--methyllycorenine ().

Genetic evidence that culling increases badger movement: implications for the spread of bovine tuberculosis.

The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) has been implicated in the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (TB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis) to cattle. However, evidence suggests that attempts to reduce the spread of TB among cattle in Britain by culling badgers have mixed effects. A large-scale field experiment (the randomized badger culling trial, RBCT) showed that widespread proactive badger culling reduced the incidence of TB in cattle within culled areas but that TB incidence increased in adjoining areas.

Mating system of the Eurasian badger, Meles meles, in a high density population.

Badgers are facultatively social, forming large groups at high density. Group-living appears to have high reproductive costs for females, and may lead to increased levels of inbreeding. The extent of female competition for reproduction has been estimated from field data, but knowledge of male reproductive success and the extent of extra-group paternity remains limited.