Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Executive Function in Children Who Snore.

Introduction: Mild sleep-disordered breathing (mSDB) in children is associated with both neurobehavioral morbidity and reduced quality of life (QOL). However, the association between symptom burden and QOL with executive function is not well understood, and it is not known whether QOL and symptom burden may help identify children with neurocognitive dysfunction.

Objective: To assess associations among executive function, QOL, and symptom burden in children with mSDB.

Weight Gain After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Mild Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Exploratory Analysis of the PATS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is unknown whether adenotonsillectomy causes undesirable weight gain in children with mild obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB).

Objective: To compare changes in anthropometric measures in children with mild oSDB treated with adenotonsillectomy vs watchful waiting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was an exploratory analysis of the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial for Snoring (PATS) randomized clinical trial of adenotonsillectomy vs watchful waiting for mild oSDB (snoring with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index of <3 events/hour) that took place at 7 pediatric tertiary care centers across the US and included 458 children aged 3.

Impact of Lung Function on Asthma Exacerbation Rates in Children Treated with Dupilumab: The VOYAGE Study.

Background: Severe, uncontrolled asthma and asthma exacerbations in children are associated with abnormal lung function and airway development, and increased risk of chronic obstructive lung disease in adulthood. The rationale for this post hoc analysis was to explore the relationship between changes in asthma exacerbation rates and lung function in children treated with dupilumab.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included children aged 6 to 11 years with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma (blood eosinophils ≥150 cells/μL or fractional exhaled nitric oxide ≥20 ppb) who received dupilumab or placebo in the phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA VOYAGE study (NCT02948959).

Neighborhood Disadvantage, Quality of Life, and Symptom Burden in Children with Mild Sleep-disordered Breathing.

Neighborhood disadvantage (ND) has been associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. However, the association between ND and SDB symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) has not yet been studied. To evaluate associations between ND with SDB symptom burden and QOL.

Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring and Mild Sleep Apnea in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The utility of adenotonsillectomy in children who have habitual snoring without frequent obstructive breathing events (mild sleep-disordered breathing [SDB]) is unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate early adenotonsillectomy compared with watchful waiting and supportive care (watchful waiting) on neurodevelopmental, behavioral, health, and polysomnographic outcomes in children with mild SDB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial enrolling 459 children aged 3 to 12.

Efficacy of a Resourcefulness Intervention to Enhance the Physical and Mental Health of Parents Caring for Technology-dependent Children at Home: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Parent caregivers of children who require lifesaving medical technology (e.g., mechanical ventilation, feeding tubes) must constantly maintain vigilance.

How Schools Can Help Address Social Determinants of Health in Asthma Management.

Schools are in a unique position to address social determinants of health (SDOHs) in pediatric asthma management because of their potential to provide resources and facilitate collaboration with health care providers and services for children at risk within their community. SDOHs include economic factors, educational attainment and health literacy, neighborhood factors and the built environment, social and community aspects including discrimination and racism, and health care access and quality. These factors have a significant impact on asthma health in children, and certain populations such as minoritzed populations and those living in high-poverty environments have been shown to be at greater risk for adverse effects of SDOHs on asthma outcomes.

Improving Surveillance and Epidemic Response in Ohio Childcare Settings.

At the start of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the risk of cases in childcare programs was unknown. Thus, a rapid-response research approach was launched in Ohio childcare settings. Passive surveillance data from a state-operated incident reporting system were evaluated to estimate the number of COVID-19 cases from 15 August 2020 to 1 January 2021.

Community Interventions for Childhood Asthma ED Visits and Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: A systematic review of interventions in community environments found significant reductions in childhood asthma exacerbations leading to emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

Background And Objectives: Structural and social determinants of childhood asthma inequities manifest within geographic communities that are often segregated. Childhood asthma disproportionately affects Black, Hispanic, and low-income populations.

Opportunities to improve sleep of children exposed to interpersonal violence: A social-ecological perspective.

Over 25% of U.S. children are witness to traumatic intrafamilial or community violence each year, and sleep medicine and developmental research jointly suggest that trauma-exposed youth experience more sleep disturbance than their non-exposed counterparts.

Determinants of lung function across childhood in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) 3.

Background: Children with asthma are at risk for low lung function extending into adulthood, but understanding of clinical predictors is incomplete.

Objective: We sought to determine phenotypic factors associated with FEV throughout childhood in the Severe Asthma Research Program 3 pediatric cohort.

Methods: Lung function was measured at baseline and annually.

Human milk feeding and wheeze in Black infants born preterm.

Objectives: To determine the association between human milk exposure at 3 months corrected gestational age and recurrent wheeze in preterm Black infants.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the D-Wheeze trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01601847).

Neurobehavioral morbidity of pediatric mild sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with neurobehavioral dysfunction, but the relationship between disease severity as measured by the apnea-hypopnea index and neurobehavioral morbidity is unclear. The objective of our study is to compare the neurobehavioral morbidity of mild sleep-disordered breathing versus obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods: Children 3-12 years old recruited for mild sleep-disordered breathing (snoring with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index < 3) into the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial for Snoring were compared to children 5-9 years old recruited for obstructive sleep apnea (obstructive apnea-hypopnea 2-30) into the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.

The Precision Interventions for Severe and/or Exacerbation-Prone (PrecISE) Asthma Network: An overview of Network organization, procedures, and interventions.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple underlying inflammatory pathways and structural airway abnormalities that impact disease persistence and severity. Recent progress has been made in developing targeted asthma therapeutics, especially for subjects with eosinophilic asthma. However, there is an unmet need for new approaches to treat patients with severe and exacerbation-prone asthma, who contribute disproportionately to disease burden.

Use of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide to Guide the Treatment of Asthma: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE) test is a point-of-care test that is used in the assessment of asthma. To provide evidence-based clinical guidance on whether FE testing is indicated to optimize asthma treatment in patients with asthma in whom treatment is being considered. An international, multidisciplinary panel of experts was convened to form a consensus document regarding a single question relevant to the use of FE.

Airway Thiol-NO Adducts as Determinants of Exhaled NO.

Thiol-NO adducts such as -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are endogenous bronchodilators in human airways. Decreased airway -nitrosothiol concentrations are associated with asthma. Nitric oxide (NO), a breakdown product of GSNO, is measured in exhaled breath as a biomarker in asthma; an elevated fraction of expired NO (F) is associated with asthmatic airway inflammation.

Violence-related distress and lung function in two longitudinal studies of youth.

Background: Exposure to violence has been associated with lower lung function in cross-sectional studies.

Methods: We examined whether increasing violence-related distress over time is associated with worse lung function and worse asthma control or quality of life in a secondary analysis of a 48-week randomised clinical trial in 98 youth with asthma (aged 9-16 years) treated with low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (Vitamin D Kids Asthma Study (VDKA)). We then replicated our findings for lung function in a prospective study of 232 Puerto Rican youth followed for an average of 5.

Associations of Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma in Cleveland, Ohio.

Air pollution has been associated with poor health outcomes and continues to be a risk factor for respiratory health in children. While higher particulate matter (PM) levels are associated with increased frequency of symptoms, lower lung function, and increase airway inflammation from asthma, the precise composition of the particles that are more highly associated with poor health outcomes or healthcare utilization are not fully elucidated. PM is measured quantifiably by current air pollution monitoring systems.

Vitamin D supplementation, lung function and asthma control in children with asthma and low vitamin D levels.

Observational studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are linked to worse lung function and poor asthma control in children with asthma. We hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation would improve function, disease control, and quality of life in children with asthma (ages 6–16 years) and vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml. We tested this hypothesis in a secondary analysis of data from the Vitamin D Kids Asthma Study (VDKA), a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial.