Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture: A comparative content analysis of mass media in the United States, New Zealand, Japan, the Netherlands, and Canada.

Sociotechnical imaginaries of gene editing in food and agriculture reflect and shape culturally particular understandings of what role technology should play in an ideal agrifood future. This study employs a comparative media content analysis to identify sociotechnical imaginaries of agricultural gene editing and the actors who perform them in five countries with contrasting regulatory and cultural contexts: Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United States. We find that news media in these countries reinforce a predominantly positive portrayal of the technology's future, although variations in which imaginaries are most mobilized exist based on the regulatory status of gene editing and unique histories of civil society engagement around biotechnology in each country.

Perioperative Detection of Cerebral Fat Emboli From Bone Using High-Frequency Doppler Ultrasound.

Objective: Fat embolism syndrome and cerebral fat emboli are rare yet serious conditions arising from systemic distribution of bone marrow emboli. Emboli are known to produce high-intensity transient signals (HITS) in a Doppler signal. We hypothesized that both intramedullary nailing in pigs and median sternotomy in human infants cause bone marrow release, that some of these cause cerebral emboli, and that these were detectable by a new cerebral doppler ultrasound monitoring system (NeoDoppler).

Repeat ablation of atrial fibrillation using electrogram dispersion to identify additional areas of mechanistic significance.

Background: Electrogram dispersion identifies putative atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers in first time ablation procedures, with high acute termination rates and long-term outcomes akin to extensive ablation approaches. Its use in a population that had undergone repeat ablation is unknown, particularly where the pulmonary veins are already isolated.

Objective: This purpose of this study was to assess electrogram dispersion mapping during repeat ablation procedures for persistent AF.

Experiences of adult patients living with depression-related insomnia: a qualitative systematic review.

Objective: The objective of this review was to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on how adult patients experience living with depression-related insomnia, and their experiences related to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions aimed at improving sleep.

Introduction: Insomnia affects 80% to 90% of patients with depression. The costs of insomnia are considerable for the individual and society alike.

Femoral nailing associated with bone marrow emboli in pigs induced a specific increase in blood IL-6 and broad inflammatory responses in the heart and lungs.

Introduction: Bone marrow embolization may complicate orthopedic surgery, potentially causing fat embolism syndrome. The inflammatory potential of bone marrow emboli is unclear. We aimed to investigate the inflammatory response to femoral intramedullary nailing, specifically the systemic inflammatory effects in plasma, and local tissue responses.

Cycle-Based Control of Injection Moulding Process in Presence of Material Dual Sourcing Using Mass Feedback.

The low cost and precise tolerances of plastic injection moulded products are a major reason for the popularity of the manufacturing method. The tolerances are greatly influenced by the equipment, raw material and moulding process. One challenge is the raw material variation.

Differences in manifestations of epilepsy and developmental delay in PURA syndrome and 5q31 microdeletions.

PURA is mapped to chromosome 5q31 and plays a vital role in neuronal development and synapse formation. Here, we aim to explore PURA's impact on cognitive development and epilepsy phenotype by comparing patients with single nucleotide variants (SNPs) in the PURA gene (PURA-SNP patients) to those with 5q31 microdeletions including PURA (5q31del + PURA) and those with 5q31 microdeletions not including the PURA gene (5q31del-PURA). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed.

Thermal adaptation affects the temperature-dependent toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to soil invertebrates.

Terrestrial ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change since their biological rates depend on the ambient temperature. As temperature may interact with toxicant exposure, climate change may cause unpredictable responses to toxic stress. A population's thermal adaptation will impact its response to temperature change, but also to interactive effects from temperature and toxicants, but these effects are still not fully understood.

Development and Validation of a 1D Dynamic Model of an Injection Moulding Process and Design of a Model-Based Nozzle Pressure Controller.

A 1D model describing the dynamics of an injection moulding machine and the injection process is presented. The model describes an injection cylinder actuated by a dual-pump electro-hydraulic speed-variable drive and the filling, holding and cooling phases of the injection moulding process utilising amorphous polymers. The model is suggested as the foundation for the design of model-based pressure controllers of, e.

The efficacy of ball blankets on insomnia in depression in outpatient clinics: A randomised crossover multicentre trial.

Many patients with depression report insomnia symptoms that profoundly affect their health and well-being. Non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia may be preferable for some patients. In this randomised crossover trial, we investigated the efficacy of the Protac Ball Blanket® on insomnia among patients with depression.

User Experiences of Ball Blankets in Adults with Depression-Related Insomnia: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study.

Insomnia is prevalent in patients suffering from depression and may itself exacerbate the disability associated with depression and impede the path to recovery. Although crucial in ensuring meaningful interactions and interventions for patients, research on patients' experiences of depression-related insomnia and its treatment is limited. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how adult patients with depression-related insomnia experience sleeping with a weighted Protac Ball Blanket®, focusing on how the blanket feels and works and contributes to their subjective sleep quality experience.

Femoral Nailing in a Porcine Model Causes Bone Marrow Emboli in the Lungs and Systemic Emboli in the Heart and Brain.

Background: Shaft fractures of the femur are commonly treated with intramedullary nailing, which can release bone marrow emboli into the bloodstream. Emboli can travel to the lungs, impairing gas exchange and causing inflammation. Occasionally, emboli traverse from the pulmonary to the systemic circulation, hindering perfusion and resulting in injuries such as heart and brain infarctions, known as .

Harmful types of gambling: changes and emerging trends in longitudinal helpline data.

Background: Gambling products differ in terms of their harm potential. Products are also constantly developing and changing. However, little research has addressed changes and trends in the types of gambling that are associated with harms.

Multisize Electrode Field-of-View: Validation by High Resolution Gadolinium-Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance.

Background: Voltage mapping to detect ventricular scar is important for guiding catheter ablation, but the field-of-view of unipolar, bipolar, conventional, and microelectrodes as it relates to the extent of viable myocardium (VM) is not well defined.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate electroanatomic voltage-mapping (EAVM) with different-size electrodes for identifying VM, validated against high-resolution ex-vivo cardiac magnetic resonance (HR-LGE-CMR).

Methods: A total of 9 swine with early-reperfusion myocardial infarction were mapped with the QDOT microcatheter.

The efficacy of a transdiagnostic sleep intervention for outpatients with sleep problems and depression, bipolar disorder, or attention deficit disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with mental disorders have a higher prevalence of sleep problems than the general population. Sleep problems may include insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, or hypersomnia. A transdiagnostic approach combining cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with chronotherapy addressing a broad range of sleep problems has shown promising results in a limited number of studies.

Using dietary exposure to determine sub-lethal effects from imidacloprid in two springtail (Collembola) species.

Standard toxicity tests expose springtails (Collembola) through soil, while dietary exposure tests with animals visible on a surface are less commonly applied. We refined a method for dietary chemical exposure for two widely distributed and abundant Collembola species: Folsomia quadrioculata and Hypogastrura viatica as existing methods were sub-optimal. Newly hatched Collembola were offered bark with a natural layer of Cyanobacteria that was either moistened with a solution of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid using a micropipette or soaked in the solution overnight.

The effect of linker conformation on performance and stability of a two-domain lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase.

A considerable number of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and other carbohydrate-active enzymes are modular, with catalytic domains being tethered to additional domains, such as carbohydrate-binding modules, by flexible linkers. While such linkers may affect the structure, function, and stability of the enzyme, their roles remain largely enigmatic, as do the reasons for natural variation in length and sequence. Here, we have explored linker functionality using the two-domain cellulose-active ScLPMO10C from Streptomyces coelicolor as a model system.

Gambling helpline contacts during COVID-19-related availability restrictions: an interrupted time series analysis.

Objectives: Gambling causes significant public health harms that are addressed in the help service network. Helplines are the most widely used service among those experiencing harms. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the global gambling landscape.

Impact of the 2018 revised Pregnancy Prevention Programme by the European Medicines Agency on the use of oral retinoids in females of childbearing age in Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain: an interrupted time series analysis.

In March 2018, the European pregnancy prevention programme for oral retinoids was updated as part of risk minimisation measures (RMM), emphasising their contraindication in pregnant women. To measure the impact of the 2018 revision of the RMMs in Europe by assessing the utilisation patterns of isotretinoin, alitretinoin and acitretin, contraceptive measures, pregnancy testing, discontinuation, and pregnancy occurrence concomitantly with a retinoid prescription. An interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to compare level and trend changes after the risk minimisation measures implementation was conducted on a cohort of females of childbearing age (12-55 years of age) from January 2010 to December 2020, derived from six electronic health data sources in four countries: Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, and Italy.