Incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes and sociodemographic predictors of complications: A nationwide registry study.

Aims: Early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (18-45 years) is rising globally, yet complication incidence in this group remains unclear. We investigated the incidence of early-onset T2DM, the incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications, and how comorbidities (e.g.

Thromboinflammation in ischemic cerebrovascular patients with the JAK2V617F mutation.

Background: The JAK2V617F mutation is a driver of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and is also implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Thrombosis in MPN involves JAK2V617F-associated platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction, all potentially influenced by chronic inflammation. Whether the mutation affects thromboinflammatory markers similarly in non-MPN patients remains unclear.

The circulating methylome in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease.

The genetic contribution to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompassing both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), accounts for around 20% of disease variance, highlighting the need to characterise environmental and epigenetic influences. Recently considerable progress has been made in characterising the adult methylome, in epigenome-wide association studies. We report detailed analysis of the circulating methylome in 86 patients with childhood-onset CD,UC and 30 controls using the Illumina Infinium Human MethylationEPIC platform.

Dependence of Rotator Cuff Muscle Thickness and Stiffness on Low-Level Contractions: Metrology of the Contraction Level Using Shear-Wave Imaging.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effects of the level of contraction during isometric shoulder abduction at different abduction angles on muscle thickness and stiffness of the shoulder girdle in asymptomatic individuals.

Design: Measurement properties study.

Setting: Biomechanics and motion analysis lab.

Shaping understandings through reflexive practice: Learnings from participatory research on aging with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Participatory research has gained traction as an approach to unlock perspectives when creating scientific knowledge and to facilitate societal changes. By conducting research with people, participatory research strives to engage individuals' perspectives in designing, conducting, and disseminating the research. Nevertheless, few studies have unpacked how understandings of the studied phenomenon are shaped among diverse research partners and, concurrently, how different perspectives are combined.

Clinical impact of MRI on indeterminate findings on contrast-enhanced CT suspicious of HCC.

Objectives: In patients evaluated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used secondarily when multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ceCT) is inconclusive. We investigated the clinical impact of adding MRI.

Materials And Methods: This single-institution retrospective study included 48 MRI scans (44 patients) conducted from May 2016 to July 2023 due to suspicion of HCC on a multiphase ceCT scan.

Recovery of pathogens with implementation of a weight-based algorithm for pediatric blood cultures: an observational intervention study.

Background: Recovering pathogenic bacteria and yeast from pediatric blood cultures and reliably distinguishing between pathogens and contaminants are likely to be improved by increasing the volume of blood submitted to microbiology laboratories for culturing beyond the low volumes that have historically have been used. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether the pathogen recovery rate would increase after implementation of a weight-based algorithm for determining the intended volume of blood submitted for culturing. Secondary aims were to: 1) evaluate the effects of the algorithm implementation on the blood culture contamination rate; 2) determine whether pathogens might be found more often than contaminants in several as opposed to single bottles when more than one bottle is submitted; and 3) describe the microbiological findings for pathogens and contaminants in blood cultures by applying a clinical validation of true blood culture positivity.

Probiotic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Trichuris Suis Ova: A Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial [the PROCTO Trial].

Background And Aims: To demonstrate that administration of 7500 Trichuris suis ova [TSO] every second week over 24 weeks would reduce the intestinal inflammation in moderate ulcerative colitis.

Methods: A single-centre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial of 7500 Trichuris suis ova every 2 weeks for 24 weeks compared with placebo in moderate activity of ulcerative colitis [Mayo score 6-10] were performed. Primary outcome: clinical remission; secondary outcomes: clinical response at 24 weeks, complete corticosteroid-free clinical remission, endoscopic remission, symptomatic remission at 12 and 24 weeks, and partial Mayo score over time.

Collaborative artificial intelligence system for investigation of healthcare claims compliance.

Healthcare fraud, waste and abuse are costly problems that have huge impact on society. Traditional approaches to identify non-compliant claims rely on auditing strategies requiring trained professionals, or on machine learning methods requiring labelled data and possibly lacking interpretability. We present Clais, a collaborative artificial intelligence system for claims analysis.

Transdiagnostic Associations between Anger Hostility and Chemokine Interferon-gamma Inducible Protein 10.

Objective: Many psychiatric disorders are linked to low grade systemic inflammation as measured by systemic cytokine levels. Exploration of cytokines and immune activity and their role in psychiatric symptoms may inform pathobiology and treatment opportunities. The aim of this study is to explore if there are associations between cytokines and psychiatric symptom clusters.

An investigation of trachoma vaccine regimens by the chlamydia vaccine CTH522 administered with cationic liposomes in healthy adults (CHLM-02): a phase 1, double-blind trial.

Background: There is no vaccine against the major global pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis; its different serovars cause trachoma in the eye or chlamydia in the genital tract. We did a clinical trial administering CTH522, a recombinant version of the C trachomatis major outer membrane molecule, in different dose concentrations with and without adjuvant, to establish its safety and immunogenicity when administered intramuscularly, intradermally, and topically into the eye, in prime-boost regimens.

Methods: CHLM-02 was a phase 1, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at the National Institute for Health Research Imperial Clinical Research Facility, London, UK.

The timescapes of older adults living alone and receiving home care: An interview study.

In this study, we drew on Barbara Adam's (1998) timescape perspective and applied a timescape lens to our analysis of how nine older adults who live alone, receive home care and are considered by home care professionals to be frail, experience living (in) time. Over a period of eight months, we conducted three interviews with each of the nine participants. We analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis and drew on timescapes to further interpret our preliminary analysis.

Effect of the NFIB rs28379954 T>C polymorphism on CYP2D6-catalyzed metabolism of solanidine.

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is important for metabolism of 20%-25% of all clinically used drugs. Many known genetic variants contribute to the large interindividual variability in CYP2D6 metabolism, but much is still unexplained. We recently described that nuclear factor 1B (NFIB) regulates hepatic CYP2D6 expression with the minor allele of NFIB rs28379954 T>C significantly increasing CYP2D6-mediated risperidone metabolism.

Childhood cancer incidence and survival in the Faroe Islands, 1960 to 2019.

Background And Purpose: This study is the first report regarding childhood cancer in the Faroe Islands and describes the incidence and survival of childhood cancer over the last 60 years in the Faroe Islands.

Material And Methods: We included all Faroese children registered with a cancer diagnosis up to the age of 19 years in the Faroese Cancer Registry from 1960 to 2019 and in the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry from 1985 to 2019 in this study. We report the number of incident cancers classified according to the 12 main diagnostic groups in the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition (ICCC-3), but due to small numbers some groups have been combined in the results shown.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and all-cause mortality with and without myeloproliferative neoplasms-a Danish longitudinal study.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) is increased in chronic inflammation and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We hypothesize that NLR is associated with all-cause mortality and mortality by comorbidity burden in the general population and individuals with MPN. We included 835,430 individuals from The Danish General Suburban Population Study, general practitioners, and outpatient clinics.

Opportunities and challenges in public-private partnerships to reduce social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Objectives: There is a need for novel approaches to address the complexity of social inequality in health. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a promising approach; however, knowledge on lessons learnt from such partnerships remain unclear. This study synthesises evidence on opportunities and challenges of PPPs focusing on social inequality in health in upper-middle-income and high-income countries.

Cytokines in hepatitis C-infected patients with or without opioid maintenance therapy.

Objective: Both chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and opioids cause altered blood levels of cytokines. Previous studies have investigated levels of selected groups of cytokines in patients on opioid maintenance treatment. Little is known about the levels of multiple cytokines in patients with chronic HCV infection on opioid maintenance treatment.

Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space Posture Dependency - An MRI Study in Subjects With Normal Tension Glaucoma and Healthy Controls.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSAS) volume in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and healthy controls in different body positions.

Methods: Eight patients with NTG and seven healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in head up tilt (HUT) +11 degrees and head down tilt (HDT) -5 degrees positions according to a randomized protocol determining the starting position. The ONSAS volume in both body positions was measured and compared between the two groups.

Unfolding biographies-a participatory narrative study on how older adults with multiple sclerosis make sense of and manage their everyday lives.

Background: Today, public health research on later life, including the literature on aging with multiple sclerosis, is often centered on aging as a biological phenomenon. By applying a participatory narrative approach, this study conveys how studying biographical aging provides important insights into the elements of aging that people find relevant and meaningful. Based on narratives told by older adults living with multiple sclerosis, we explore how sensemaking unfolds and shapes the management of later life with a chronic and progressive disease.