A quasi-experimental study of general practices' referral to mammography in the post-trials treatment era.

Background: Improvements in breast cancer therapy since the randomized controlled trials of mammography screening might have reduced the screening benefit. Most observational studies of mammography effectiveness would be confounded by these improvements and other factors. Using a design resistant to this confounding, we evaluated whether mammography in asymptomatic women reduces breast cancer mortality during the treatment era succeeding the trials.

Long-term outcome and rehabilitation needs after acquired brain injury in children and adolescents - an evaluation in a Swedish cohort.

Unlabelled: Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk of developing cognitive, physical, or emotional impairments that affect their daily lives at home, school, and in society.

Purpose: To explore this, we used the Swedish version of the Child and Family Follow-up Survey (CFFS-SWE) to describe the participation of 39 children (aged 5-17 years) who had sustained ABIs.

Materials And Methods: We assessed their participation using the CFFS-SWE at three points: upon discharge from the acute hospital, six months post-discharge, and between one and four years after discharge.

Medical costs of treating myasthenia gravis in patients who need intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) - a register-based study.

Background: Several innovative treatments are expected for myasthenia gravis (MG) in the coming years. Healthcare payers usually require cost-effectiveness analyses before reimbursement. We aimed to investigate resource utilization and direct medical costs for patients with MG treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to inform such analyses.

Treatment with PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies is associated with discontinuation of oral lipid lowering therapy.

Aims: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9 mAbs) are recommended for high-risk patients if the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets are not achieved with statins and ezetimibe. We studied persistence and adherence to 1) PCSK9 mAbs and 2) statins and ezetimibe in a nationwide cohort of incident PCSK9 mAb users.

Methods And Results: Information on all PCSK9 mAb users ≤80 years from 2015 through 2023 were extracted from the Norwegian Drug Registry.

Risk factors and evolution of weight loss in Parkinson's disease: A 9-year population-based study.

Introduction: Weight loss is considered a common complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), but there are few prospective longitudinal studies on weight loss in patients followed from time of PD diagnosis. We sought to determine the frequency, evolution and risk factors of weight loss in a representative incident PD cohort.

Methods: In this prospective population-based observational study, we followed 180 newly-diagnosed, initially drug-naïve PD patients and 161 controls with repetitive weight examinations over 9 years.

Increasing melanoma incidence with unchanged mortality: more sunshine, better treatment, increased diagnostic activity, overdiagnosis or lowered diagnostic threshold?

Background: Increasing melanoma incidence with less increasing mortality is observed in several countries. This discrepancy is not well understood.

Objectives: In this study, our aim was to discuss factors [ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, melanoma treatment, diagnostic activity, overdiagnosis, pathologists' diagnostic threshold and clinicians' propensity to remove suspect skin lesions] that might influence melanoma incidence and mortality in Denmark.

Further recommendations of the International Paediatric Brain Injury Society (IPBIS) for the post-acute rehabilitation of children with acquired brain injury.

Background: Paediatric acquired brain injury is a life-long condition which impacts on all facets of the individual's lived experience. The existing evidence base continues to expand and new fields of enquiry are established as clinicians and researchers uncover the extent of these impacts.

Primary Objective: To add to recommendations described in the International Paediatric Brain Injury Society's 2016 paper on post-acute care for children with acquired brain injury and highlight new areas of enquiry.

The epidemiology and societal costs of myasthenia gravis in Norway: A non-interventional study using national registry data.

Background And Purpose: With the emergence of new treatment options for myasthenia gravis (MG), there is a need for information regarding epidemiology, healthcare utilization, and societal costs to support economic evaluation and identify eligible patients. We aimed to enhance the understanding of these factors using nationwide systematic registry data in Norway.

Methods: We received comprehensive national registry data from five Norwegian health- and work-related registries.

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for retinal diseases in Norway from 2011 to 2021: A combined registry and survey study.

Purpose: To investigate the use of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in Norway from 2011 to 2021 and explore how the eye departments organized their injection services.

Methods: We combined data from the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) with survey responses from Norway's 22 eye departments. The NPR data encompassed all registered intravitreal injection episodes from 2011 to 2021.

Designing Guidelines for Those Who Do Not Follow Them: The Impact of Adherence Assumptions on Optimal Screening Guidelines.

Objectives: Model-based cost-effectiveness analyses can inform decisions about screening guidelines by quantifying consequences of alternative algorithms. Although actual screening adherence is imperfect, incorporating nonadherence into analyses that aim to determine optimal screening may affect the policy recommendations. We evaluated the impact of nonadherence assumptions on the optimal cervical cancer screening in Norway.

Danish Women Want to Participate in a Hypothetical Breast Cancer Screening with Harms and No Reduction in Mortality: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction: Informed decision making is recommended in breast cancer screening. Decision aids with balanced information on harms and benefits are recommended to support informed decision making. However, informed screening decision making may be challenged by overly positive attitudes toward cancer screening.

Gaps and discontinuation of statin treatment in Norway: potential for optimizing management of lipid lowering drugs.

Aims: In clinical practice, many patients do not reach the recommended treatment targets for LDL-cholesterol levels. We aimed to examine treatment patterns and adherence for patients on lipid lowering drugs in Norway to inform future strategies to improve therapies.

Methods And Results: We obtained information on all dispensed statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/-kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors 2010-2019 from the Norwegian Prescription Database.

Nutrition impact symptoms and the risk of malnutrition in people with Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional study.

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This may contribute to weight loss and increased risk of malnutrition. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in the population and a scoring system of NIS was incorporated in the tool used to identify malnutrition.

Prolongation of disease-free life: When is the benefit sufficient to warrant the effort of taking a preventive medicine?

The prolongation of disease-free life (PODL) required by people to be willing to accept an offer of a preventive treatment is unknown. Quantifying the required benefits could guide information and discussions about preventive treatment. In this study, we investigated how large the benefit in prolongation of a disease-free life (PODL) should be for individuals aged 50-80 years to accept a preventive treatment offer.

Motor performance after treatment of pilocytic astrocytoma in the posterior fossa in childhood.

Background: Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common brain tumour type in childhood located in the posterior fossa, and treated mainly with surgery. These tumours have low mortality, but knowledge concerning its long-term outcome is sparse.

Aims: The aim was to investigate if patients treated for pilocytic astrocytoma in the posterior fossa had motor complications, including balance, motor and process skills.

Cognitive, language, and school performance in children and young adults treated for low-grade astrocytoma in the posterior fossa in childhood.

Background: Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common brain tumour type in childhood located in the posterior fossa, and treated mainly with surgery. These tumours have low mortality, but knowledge concerning its long-term outcome is sparse.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether children treated for pilocytic astrocytoma in the posterior fossa had late complications affecting cognition, language and learning.

Providing more balanced information on the harms and benefits of cervical cancer screening: A randomized survey among US and Norwegian women.

We aimed to identify how additional information about benefits and harms of cervical cancer (CC) screening impacted intention to participate in screening, what type of information on harms women preferred receiving, from whom, and whether it differed between two national healthcare settings. We conducted a survey that randomized screen-eligible women in the United States (n = 1084) and Norway (n = 1060) into four groups according to the timing of introducing additional information. We found that additional information did not significantly impact stated intentions-to-participate in screening or follow-up testing in either country; however, the proportion of Norwegian women stating uncertainty about seeking precancer treatment increased from 7.

Phase- and gender-specific, lifetime, and future costs of cancer: A retrospective population-based registry study.

Valid estimates of cancer treatment costs are import for priority setting, but few studies have examined costs of multiple cancers in the same setting.We performed a retrospective population-based registry study to evaluate phase-specific (initial, continuing, and terminal phase) direct medical costs and lifetime costs for 13 cancers and all cancers combined in Norway. Mean monthly cancer attributable costs were estimated using nationwide activity data from all Norwegian hospitals.

Societal cost of cancer in Norway -Results of taking a broader cost perspective.

Background: The broader cost consequences of diseases may be of interest for a wide range of stakeholders. We aimed to estimate all relevant societal costs of cancer and to provide insight into the relative magnitude of the different cost categories.

Method: We used data from eight different health and work-related registries in Norway.

Men receive more end-of-life cancer hospital treatment than women: fact or fiction?

Background: An important goal of health care systems is equitable access to health care. Previous research, however, indicates that men receive more cancer care and health care resources than women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a gender difference in terms of end-of-life cancer treatment in hospitals in Norway.

Consequences of serious parental health events on child mental health and educational outcomes.

I show that serious, yet common, parental health events in childhood have immediate and lasting effects on mental health and educational outcomes for children. Following a parental health event, the children are more likely to receive therapy and consume anti-depressant (AD) medication. More so, the children achieve lower test scores and have lower school enrollment rates.