Mortality of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease following Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Greenland.

Before the incorporation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the childhood vaccination regimen in Greenland in 2010, Inuit populations experienced a substantial prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The PCV13 introduction has been shown to markedly reduce the incidence of IPD. This current study estimated the impact of PCV13 introduction on IPD mortality in Greenland.

Effectiveness of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Greenland.

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in 2010 to the childhood vaccination program in Greenland. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the PCV13 on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children and in adults in Greenland. IPD cases from the pre-PCV13 period (January 1995-September 2010) were compared with the post-PCV13 period (September 2010-October 2020).

Viable acrosome-intact human spermatozoa in the ejaculate as a marker of semen quality and fertility status.

Study Question: Is it possible, in an unbiased and clinical relevant way, to determine the number of viable acrosome-intact human spermatozoa in ejaculates and to use this as a measure of fertility chances?

Summary Answer: Image cytometry enables easy and unbiased quantification of viable acrosome-intact spermatozoa and it correlates with semen quality and fertility status.

What Is Known Already: The presence of the acrosome and its ability to respond to physiological inducers (e.g.