A retrospective study on the efficacy of total absorbed orbital doses of 12, 16 and 20 Gy combined with systemic steroid treatment in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that typically affects the thyroid gland. Thirty to sixty percent of patients also suffer from orbital inflammation. Retrobulbar radiotherapy for Graves' orbitopathy (GO) has been used for decades, though there is no direct evidence for the influence of dose and fractionation schedules on various signs and symptoms.

Gene transfer to trabecular meshwork endothelium via direct injection into the Schlemm canal and in vivo toxicity study.

Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the efficiency of adenoviral gene transfer via direct injection into the Schlemm canal ex vivo in human donor eyes and to examine the effect of human MMP-3 transgene expression in a rat model in vivo.

Methods: A viscocanalostomy-like operation was performed and adenoviral vector encoding for MMP-3 and green fluorescent protein was injected into human Schlemm canal or rat anterior chamber.

Results: Transgene expression was high in trabecular meshwork endothelium in human donor eyes.