Psychophysiological Responses in Emergency Medical Technician Students during Simulated Work Activities in a Hot Environment.

This study compared physiological responses and cognitive performance during simulated work activities in heat to a thermoneutral condition. First responders perform physically demanding activities in a hot environment which may impose additional burdens on tactical personnel during daily tasks. Ten healthy (8 men and 2 women) participants performed two consecutive simulated work activities with two repetitions of each activity (10 min walking on treadmill and 15 sandbag lifts) under heat and thermoneutral conditions.

The effects of a loaded rucksack and weighted vest on metabolic cost and stride frequency in female adults.

This study evaluated the metabolic cost and stride frequency during exercise while wearing an evenly distributed weight vest in recreationally fit women. Nine healthy women performed a modified Balke treadmill test until volitional fatigue in one of three conditions; (1) unloaded (2) rucksack and (3) weighted vest. Wearing a weighted vest did not show improvement of V̇, HR, peak stride frequency or average stride frequency (all  ≥ 0.

Evidence that Swimming May Be Protective of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Background: To date, there have not been any epidemiologic studies that have evaluated the association between swimming over a lifetime and knee health.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship of a history of swimming with knee pain, radiographic knee OA (ROA), and symptomatic knee OA (SOA).

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study.

Running does not increase symptoms or structural progression in people with knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

Higher levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity improve all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. However, the effect of running, a moderate to vigorous activity, in those with knee osteoarthritis (OA), a common arthritis that occurs with aging, a high-risk group for mortality and cardiovascular events, is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of self-selected running on OA symptom and structure progression in people with knee OA.

Activity and Sedentary Time 10 Years After a Successful Lifestyle Intervention: The Diabetes Prevention Program.

Introduction: This study aims to determine if evidence exists for a lasting effect of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention on activity levels by comparing objectively collected activity data between the DPP Outcome Study (DPPOS) cohort and adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2003-2006).

Methods: Average minutes/day of light and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior from ActiGraph accelerometers (collected 2010-2012) were examined (2013-2014) for comparable DPPOS and NHANES subgroups by age, sex, and diabetes status. Longitudinal questionnaire data on leisure activity, collected yearly from DPP baseline to the time of accelerometer measurement (1996-2010; 11.

Activity Levels for Four Years in a Cohort of Urban-Dwelling Adolescent Females.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that female adolescents and those living in urban environments may have lower physical activity (PA) levels compared with their peers. Yet few studies report PA for urban adolescent females, and there is no consensus regarding potential causes for low PA in this subgroup. We examined PA levels, in a large, diverse cohort of 14- to 17-yr-old urban-dwelling females and assessed the effect of socioeconomic, personal, and neighborhood/environmental factors on PA.

Is There an Association Between a History of Running and Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis? A Cross-Sectional Study From the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: Regular physical activity, including running, is recommended based on known cardiovascular and mortality benefits. However, controversy exists regarding whether running can be harmful to knees. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of running with knee pain, radiographic osteoarthritis (OA), and symptomatic OA.

Measuring Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Lifestyle interventions that encourage increasing physical activity (PA) and losing weight are critical for overweight and obese youth with comorbid conditions. Assessing PA within such lifestyle intervention efforts requires measurement tool(s) that are both accurate and appropriate for these youth. This research compares PA levels and sedentary behavior in an ethnically diverse cohort of overweight/obese youth with type 2 diabetes using both accelerometry and a questionnaire previously validated in the general youth population.

The impact of change in physical activity on change in arterial stiffness in overweight or obese sedentary young adults.

Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) may reduce arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of change in PA on 1-year change in arterial stiffness in 274 overweight/obese sedentary young adults.

Correlation of a self-report and direct measure of physical activity level in the electron-beam tomography and risk assessment among Japanese and US Men in the post World War II birth cohort (ERA JUMP) study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is complex and a difficult behavior to assess as there is no ideal assessment tool(s) that can capture all contexts of PA. Therefore, it is important to understand how different assessment tools rank individuals. We examined the extent to which self-report and direct assessment PA tools yielded the same ranking of PA levels.

Modest levels of physical activity are associated with a lower incidence of diabetes in a population with a high rate of obesity: the strong heart family study.

Objective: To examine the association of objectively measured participation in low levels of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: The study population included participants free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline (n = 1,826) who participated in a follow-up examination. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association of steps per day with incident diabetes.

The impact of weight and fat mass loss and increased physical activity on physical function in overweight, postmenopausal women: results from the Women on the Move Through Activity and Nutrition study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and body composition reflect concomitant changes in 400-meter walk time.

Methods: Data were collected at the baseline and 48-month visits in the Women on the Move Through Activity and Nutrition study. At baseline, participants (n = 508) were randomized to the lifestyle intervention or health education group.

Reliability and convergent validity of the past-week Modifiable Activity Questionnaire.

Objective: To examine the reliability and convergent validity of physical activity (PA) and inactivity estimates obtained with the past-week Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (PWMAQ).

Design: The PWMAQ, an interviewer-administered questionnaire, was administered twice, one week apart, during visits 3 and 4 of six total visits. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) between administrations of the PWMAQ were used to assess the reliability of summary estimates.

Physical activity and coronary artery calcification in two cohorts of women representing early and late postmenopause.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) among two cohorts of postmenopausal (PM) women representing early and late postmenopause.

Methods: The cross-sectional relationship between PA and CAC was examined in 173 younger PM women (mean age ± SD, 56.8 ± 2.

Issues in accelerometer methodology: the role of epoch length on estimates of physical activity and relationships with health outcomes in overweight, post-menopausal women.

Background: Current accelerometer technology allows for data collection using brief time sampling intervals (i.e., epochs).

Social- and behavioral-specific genetic effects on blood pressure traits: the Strong Heart Family Study.

Background: Population studies have demonstrated an important role of social, behavioral, and environmental factors in blood pressure (BP) levels. Accounting for the genetic interaction of these factors may help to identify common BP susceptibility alleles.

Methods And Results: We studied the interaction of additive genetic effects and behavioral (physical activity, smoking, alcohol use) and socioeconomic (education) factors on BP in approximately 3600 American Indian participants of the Strong Heart Family Study, using variance component models.

Physical activity levels in American-Indian adults: the Strong Heart Family Study.

Background: A limited body of evidence, mostly based on self-report, is available regarding physical activity levels among American-Indian adults.

Purpose: This study aims to examine physical activity levels objectively using pedometers among a large cohort of American-Indian adult participants in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS).

Methods: Physical activity levels in 2604 American-Indian adults, aged 18-91 years, from 13 American-Indian communities were assessed using Accusplit AE120 pedometers over a period of 7 days during 2001-2003.

Objectively measured physical activity of USA adults by sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Accelerometers were incorporated in the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) study cycle for objective assessment of physical activity. This is the first time that objective physical activity data are available on a nationally representative sample of U.S.

Monthly variation in physical activity levels in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Month-to-month variation in physical activity levels in a cohort of postmenopausal women participating in a single site clinical trial undergoing lifestyle intervention was investigated before and after lifestyle intervention.

Methods: Participants were Caucasian and African American women (mean age = 57.0 +/- 3.

Gait speed and step-count monitor accuracy in community-dwelling older adults.

Unlabelled: Accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) is necessary to identify the sedentary older individual who is in need of activity intervention. Activity monitors are quite popular, although it has been suggested that they are less accurate at slow gait speeds.

Purpose: To examine the accuracy of the three activity monitors in older individuals who walk at various gait speeds.

Relationships among body composition measures in community-dwelling older women.

Objective: To examine whether simple anthropometric measures provide a good estimate of total and visceral fat in 146 community-dwelling, older white women (mean age, 74.0 +/- 4.1 years).

Physical activity and decreased risk of clinical gallstone disease among post-menopausal women.

Background: Physical activity may play a role in preventing gallstone disease.

Methods: The activity/gallstone relationship was examined in post-menopausal women from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF; 1986-1988), a prospective study of fracture risk factors in 8010 women (mean age = 71.1 years, SD = 4.

Validity of a questionnaire to assess historical physical activity in older women.

Purpose: To compare historical physical activity recall to original physical activity questionnaires collected at four time points over a 17-yr period in postmenopausal women.

Methods: This study examined the recall of physical activity (PA) data collected as part of a clinical trial of a walking intervention and subsequent follow-up in 163 white postmenopausal women (74 +/- 4 yr). Physical activity levels were measured with a modified version of the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire (1982, 1985, 1995, 1999) throughout the duration of the study.

The relationship among physical activity, obesity, and physical function in community-dwelling older women.

Background: The relationship between obesity and physical function is not well understood. Physical activity may be a key factor impacting on the relationship between obesity and physical function.

Methods: Subjects included 171 community-dwelling women (mean age = 74.