Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Aerobic, Exercise and Sports Participation in Female Cognition: A Scoping Review : Sports, Fitness, and Cognition.

Background: The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cognition is thought to be mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Aerobic exercise can increase CRF through various activities, including sports participation. The relationship between these factors in females has yet to be elucidated.

Heat production during exercise in pregnancy: discerning the contribution of total body weight.

Studies have reported enhanced thermoregulatory function as pregnancy progresses; however, it is unclear if differences in thermoregulation are attributed to weight gain or other physiological changes. This study aimed to determine if total body weight will influence thermoregulation (heat production (H)), heart rate, and perceptual measurements in response to weight-bearing exercise during early to late pregnancy. A cross-sectional design of healthy pregnant women at different pregnancy time points (early, T1; middle, T2; late, T3) performed a 7-stage weight-bearing incremental exercise protocol.

Associations Between Rank, Sex, and Parity With Musculoskeletal Injuries Sustained During Annual Military Physical Fitness Test.

Edwards, CM, da Silva, DF, Puranda, JL, Souza, SCS, Semeniuk, K, and Adamo, KB. Associations between rank, sex, and parity with musculoskeletal injuries sustained during annual military physical fitness test. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 367-373, 2024-Musculoskeletal injuries pose a significant threat to the well-being of military personnel.

Heat loss responses at rest and during exercise in pregnancy: A scoping review.

Background: The teratogenic risk associated with maternal hyperthermia (i.e., core temperature ≥39.

How Many Valid Days Are Necessary to Assess Physical Activity Data From Accelerometry During Pregnancy?

Background: The authors examined whether or not ≤3 days wearing Actical® accelerometers provided acceptable results in comparison with the recommendation of ≥4 days in women across gestation.

Methods: A total of 26, 76, and 57 participants at early, mid, and late pregnancy, respectively, were assessed. Participants were instructed to wear the device for 7 days and women who wore it for ≥4 days were included.

Determination of minimal recording period to assess resting heart rate variability during pregnancy.

Traditionally, resting heart rate variability (rHRV) is measured for 10 min using the last 5 min for analyses (e.g., criterion period).

Effects of a Preschool Intervention on Physical Activity and Body Composition.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a preschool physical activity intervention program delivered in licensed childcare settings, with or without a parent-facilitated home component, on children's daily physical activity, sedentary time, and body composition.

Study Design: For this cluster randomized controlled trial, 18 childcare centers were randomly allocated in equal numbers to the typical curriculum comparison group, childcare intervention alone (CC), or childcare intervention with parental involvement. Accelerometers were used to asses physical activity and sedentary time, and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance.

Placenta nutrient transport-related gene expression: the impact of maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain.

Objective: Maternal obesity and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) increase the risk of delivering large infants. This study examined the associations between maternal obesity and GWG on the expression of genes involved in fatty acid, amino acid and glucose transport, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin signaling axes in the placenta.

Methods: Placenta samples were obtained from lean (n = 11) and obese (n = 10) women.

Maternal-fetal nutrient transport in pregnancy pathologies: the role of the placenta.

Appropriate in utero growth is essential for offspring development and is a critical contributor to long-term health. Fetal growth is largely dictated by the availability of nutrients in maternal circulation and the ability of these nutrients to be transported into fetal circulation via the placenta. Substrate flux across placental gradients is dependent on the accessibility and activity of nutrient-specific transporters.

Child obesity and fitness levels among Kenyan and Canadian children from urban and rural environments: a KIDS-CAN Research Alliance Study.

Objective: This study was designed to gather anthropometric and fitness-related data on Kenyan children living in urban (UKEN) and rural (RKEN) environments and to compare them with previous data collected on Canadian children in order to examine the potential nutrition-physical activity transition.

Methods: Height, weight, waist circumference, triceps skinfolds were directly measured on rural (RKEN) and urban Kenyan (UKEN) children (n = 179, 9-13 years) and compared with existing data from Canadian children living in urban and rural environments (n = 274, 9-13 years). Aerobic fitness was measured using the 20 m shuttle run, flexibility using the sit-and-reach test and isometric handgrip strength was assessed.