Clinical Profile and Treatment Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Who Initiate an SGLT2 Inhibitor: A Multi-cohort Study.

Introduction: The clinical landscape for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly evolving. As part of the FOUNTAIN platform (NCT05526157; EUPAS48148), we described and compared cohorts of adult patients with CKD and T2D initiating a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) before the launch of finerenone in Europe, Japan, and the United States (US).

Methods: This was a multinational, multi-cohort study of patients with T2D in five data sources: the Danish National Health Registers (DNHR) (Denmark), PHARMO Data Network (The Netherlands), Valencia Health System Integrated Database (VID) (Spain), Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database Extension (J-CKD-DB-Ex) (Japan), and Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (CDM) (US).

Elevated risk of infection in individuals with hyperinsulinaemic type 2 diabetes: a Danish 12 year cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying an elevated infection risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes is needed to guide risk stratification and prevention. We investigated the risk of infection in subgroups of individuals with type 2 diabetes according to indices of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function.

Methods: We classified 7265 individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (median duration 1.

The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) Project Cohort and Biobank from 2010 Through 2023-A Cohort Profile Update.

Purpose: This paper provides an overview of the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort and biobank, including baseline characteristics of participants enrolled up to 2023, and post-enrollment rates of cardiovascular disease outcomes and mortality.

Methods: Since 2010, the DD2 project has enrolled individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) recently diagnosed by general practitioners and by hospital-based clinicians across Denmark. Data from questionnaires, clinical examinations, and biological samples are collected at enrollment.

Promoting Self-Management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Development of the Impact of Glucose Monitoring on Self-Management Scale.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) management requires behavioural engagement to achieve optimal outcomes and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies may facilitate self-management. In this study, we describe the development and validation of a self-report instrument, the Impact of Glucose Monitoring on Self-Management Scale (IGMSS), assessing the impact of device use (primarily CGM but also self-monitored blood glucose [SMBG]) on the capability, motivation, and opportunity to engage in self-management.

Methods: Potential items were generated from 3 sources: themes and quotes from 13 adults with T2D motivated by CGM use who participated in a qualitative study; behaviour change theory identifying capability, opportunity, and motivation to self-manage; and expert committee review of items.

Risk of mortality and recurrence after first-time stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes: A Danish nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: The prognosis for stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains poorly understood. We examined the risk of mortality and stroke recurrence in stroke patients with T2DM and stroke patients without diabetes.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study including all patients diagnosed with a first-time ischemic stroke ( = 131,594) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH,  = 15,492) in Denmark, 2005-2021.

Distinct mechanisms for online and offline motor skill learning across human development.

The human central nervous system (CNS) undergoes tremendous changes from childhood to adulthood and this may affect how individuals at different stages of development learn new skills. Here, we studied motor skill learning in children, adolescents, and young adults to test the prediction that differences in the maturation of different learning mechanisms lead to distinct temporal patterns of motor learning during practice and overnight. We found that overall learning did not differ between children, adolescents, and young adults.

Lipid Levels and Risk of Diabetic Polyneuropathy in 2 Danish Type 2 Diabetes Cohorts.

Background And Objectives: Reduction of blood lipids may aid in preventing diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), but evidence remains conflicting. We investigated the association between lipid parameters and DPN risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM and a cross-sectional study using a clinically recruited T2DM cohort.

Risk of Bleeding and Venous Thromboembolism after Colorectal Cancer Surgery in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study.

 Bleeding and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are adverse outcomes after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) clusters with bleeding and VTE risk factors. We examined the bleeding and VTE risk in patients with T2D undergoing CRC surgery and the prognosis after these adverse outcomes.

Cohort Profile: Better Health in Late Life.

Purpose: Humans are living longer and may develop multiple chronic diseases in later life. The Better Health in Late Life cohort study aims to improve our understanding of the risks and outcomes of multimorbidity in the Danish population.

Methods: A randomly-selected sample of Danish residents who were 50-65 years of age received a questionnaire and an invitation to participate in this study.

The short-term effect of hemodialysis on the level of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T - A systematic review.

Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but interpreting cardiac troponin is difficult in this population. The effect of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is important to consider when interpreting serial cardiac troponin T (cTnT) results for patients with ESRD suspected of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this systematic review is to answer how low-flux hemodialysis (LF-HD), high-flux hemodialysis (HF-HD), and hemodiafiltration (HDF) affect the blood concentration of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT).

Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Microvascular Complications in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A UK Biobank Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine dose-response associations, including the minimal effective level, between leisure-time physical activity and risk of incident neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.

Research Design And Methods: This cohort study included 18,092 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was converted into MET-hours per week.

Triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a Danish cohort study.

Background: Elevated triglyceride levels are a clinically useful marker of remnant cholesterol. It is unknown whether triglycerides are associated with residual cardiovascular risk in CVD-naïve patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who are already on statin therapy. We aimed to assess the association between triglyceride levels and risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in statin-treated patients with newly diagnosed T2DM managed in routine clinical care.

The Prevalence of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups Based on HOMA2 Indices of β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome components may cumulatively increase the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, driven by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. We investigated the prevalence of DPN in three T2DM subgroups based on indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

Research Design And Methods: We estimated β-cell function (HOMA2-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-S) in 4,388 Danish patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

How Continuous Glucose Monitoring Can Motivate Self-management: Can Motivation Follow Behaviour?

Objectives: Motivation to adhere to clinical recommendations requires engagement, and the urgency to act is one of many factors that contribute to achieving glycemic benefits in people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices are associated with improved glycemic benefits. We conducted a qualitative assessment of PwT2D who found using CGM extremely beneficial and examined the potential for CGM to elicit motivation to engage in self-management behaviours.

Health registries as research tools: a review of methodological key issues.

Health registries provide opportunities for conducting large-scale, population-based studies, but attention must be devoted to their specific limitations. Herein, we describe potential limitations that may affect the validity of registry-based research. Our review includes descriptions of 1) populations, 2) variables, 3) medical coding systems for medical information and 4) selected key methodological challenges.

Four-year HbA1c and LDL-cholesterol trajectories among individuals with mental disorders and newly developed type 2 diabetes.

The impact of different types of mental disorders on long-term glycemic and lipid trajectories following newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unknown. We used real-world clinical data in a population-based cohort to fill this knowledge gap. We found that individuals with new T2D and preexisting personality, anxiety, unipolar depression, or psychotic disorder had higher mean HbA1c levels over 4 years following the onset of T2D, whereas no differences were found regarding LDL-C levels.

The Challenge of Sustainable Access to Telemonitoring Tools for People with Diabetes in Europe: Lessons from COVID-19 and Beyond.

Telemedicine in diabetes care has been evolving over several years, particularly since the advent of cloud-connected technologies for diabetes management, such as glucose monitoring devices, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, that facilitate sharing of glucose data between people with diabetes and their healthcare professionals in near-real time. Extreme social distancing and shielding in place for vulnerable patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has created both the challenge and the opportunity to provide care at a distance on a large scale. Available evidence suggests that glucose control has in fact improved during this period for people with diabetes who are able to use CGM devices for remote glucose monitoring.

Black-white disparities during an epidemic: Life expectancy and lifespan disparity in the US, 1980-2000.

Covid-19 has demonstrated again that epidemics can affect minorities more than the population in general. We consider one of the last major epidemics in the United States: HIV/AIDS from ca. 1980-2000.

Statin Therapy and Risk of Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study.

Objective: Statins may reduce the risk of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) as a result of lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects, but statins have also been associated with neurotoxicity. We examined whether statin therapy affects the risk of DPN.

Research Design And Methods: We identified all Danish patients with incident type 2 diabetes during 2002-2016.

[Epiglottitis].

Background: Acute epiglottitis in adults is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by a bacterial infection in the epiglottis. Typical symptoms are fever, sore throat, and respiratory distress caused by upper airway obstruction. Proper treatment is needed for a good outcome.

The transferability of health technology assessment: the European perspective with focus on central and Eastern European countries.

Introduction: Lower-income European countries have a worse health status and less funds for health care compared to Western Europe. Despite their limited human and financial capacities for conducting Health Technology Assessment (HTA), the need for evidence-based decision-making is growing. Two main approaches emerged as potential solutions: joint clinical assessments on the European level, and simplified procedures relying on the judgments of well-established HTA agencies of Western countries.

How Changes in Reimbursement Practices Influence the Financial Sustainability of Medicine Policy: Lessons Learned from Slovakia.

The aim of this study was to review the impact of new reimbursement requirements for medicines in the Slovak Republic based on legislation that came into force in January 2018. The new legislation was reviewed. The reimbursement dossiers for medicines and health technology assessments and appraisals, justifications for reimbursement decisions, final reimbursement decisions, and all aspects of the appeal mechanisms have been transparently published on the website of the Slovak Ministry of Health and were used for this analysis.

The 2017 Oslo conference report on neglected tropical diseases and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases - focus on populations underserved.

Background: In 2017, the Centre for Global Health (CGH) at the University of Oslo in collaboration with the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) held a meeting to discuss together with leading figures in disease control, research and development the issue of neglected tropical diseases and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases. This commentary has taken up this discussion and the conclusions drawn at this meeting to make a case for the opportunity the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide in highlighting the interconnectedness of factors that are relevant in the successful fight against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and emerging infectious diseases (EIDS).

Main Body: Despite NTDs being endemic and EIDS being epidemic, in order to prevent both disease groups effectively, it is important to appreciate that they share essential health determining factors, namely: neglect, poverty, a lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities and an absence of or severely limited provision of healthcare as well as in many cases a zoonotic nature.