Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma causing acute liver failure: a rare case of survival.

Acute liver failure is a rare but life-threatening illness with an incidence of 2-8 per million population. The most common causes of acute liver failure include drug ingestion and viral hepatitis followed by ischaemic hepatocellular injury and, less commonly, malignancy. Our patient presented with acute liver failure, which was found to be secondary to hepatic infiltration by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Switching between oral anticoagulants.

Until about 4 years ago, warfarin was the only oral anticoagulant approved in the United States, and switching between oral anticoagulants has become an option since the emergence of the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. What are the reasons one may switch between the agents and how is this done? Discussed in this article are the 4 agents approved in the United States, their characteristics, reasons one may switch, and methods for conversion. After a thorough search of original trial data and recent expert review articles, we have summarized the most recent recommendations below and briefly discuss upcoming oral anticoagulants that show promise.