The Role and Benefits of Physical Therapy Following Sport-Related Concussions.

Context: Sport-related concussion management often requires referral to physical therapy (PT).

Objectives: To (1) outline the role of PT in the management of sport-related concussion, (2) describe patients who underwent PT, and (3) discuss outcomes of athletes who underwent PT.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Initial Symptom Severity and Recovery of Sport-Related Concussion in Team Versus Individual Sport Athletes.

Background And Objectives: Recovery after sport-related concussion is variable, and potential differences between team vs individual sport athletes are not fully understood. In a cohort of athletes with concussions, we sought to compare these groups across (1) symptom severity score, (2) individual symptom cluster scores, and (3) recovery metrics.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort study of 13 to 23-year-old athletes treated at a regional sport concussion center between November 2017 and April 2022 was conducted.

Age of First Exposure to Contact Sports Is Not Associated With Worse Later-In-Life Brain Health in a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Older Men.

Objective: To evaluate whether early age of first exposure to contact sports (AFE-CS) is associated with worse long-term brain health outcomes.

Design: A cross-sectional, survey study of older men with a history of contact sport participation was completed.

Setting: Tertiary care facility.

Acute psychological symptom profiles in high school athletes following sport-related concussion.

Objective: Psychological symptoms following a sport-related concussion may affect recovery in adolescent athletes. Therefore, the aims of this study were to 1) describe the proportion of athletes with acute psychological symptoms, 2) identify potential predictors of higher initial psychological symptoms, and 3) determine whether psychological symptoms affect recovery in a cohort of concussed high school athletes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of high school athletes (14-18 years of age) who sustained a sport-related concussion from November 2017 to April 2022 and presented to a multidisciplinary concussion center was performed.

Examining for gender differences in return to learn following sport-related concussion in high school student athletes.

Objective: Prior studies have investigated associations between gender, symptom resolution, and time to return to play following sport-related concussion (SRC). However, there is a notable gap in research regarding the association between gender and return to learn (RTL) in adolescents. Therefore, this study 1) compared the patterns of RTL between boys and girls who are high school student athletes, and 2) evaluated the possible association between gender and time to RTL after adjusting for covariates.

Sport-related concussions in baseball and softball: do mechanisms of injury affect recovery?

Objective: Baseball and softball pose unique risks for sport-related concussion (SRC). Although these are not collision sports, concussions in baseball and softball can nonetheless involve high-speed impacts. In a regional, single-institution cohort of baseball and softball athletes who sustained an SRC, the current study sought to 1) describe the mechanisms of injury that led to SRC, and 2) compare initial symptom burden and recovery metrics across mechanisms, including time to return to learn (RTL), time to symptom resolution, and time to return to play (RTP) by mechanism of injury.

Sport-related concussions in wrestling: does mechanism of injury affect recovery?

Background: Sport-related concussions (SRC) represent a significant concern for athletes. While popular contact sports such as football and soccer have been the focus of much SRC research, wrestling has received comparatively little attention. The current study aimed to: 1) describe the mechanisms of injury leading to SRC in wrestling; and 2) compare recovery outcomes based on mechanism of injury.

Mechanisms of Injury Leading to Concussions in Collegiate Soccer Players: A CARE Consortium Study.

Background: Few previous studies have investigated how different injury mechanisms leading to sport-related concussion (SRC) in soccer may affect outcomes.

Purpose: To describe injury mechanisms and evaluate injury mechanisms as predictors of symptom severity, return to play (RTP) initiation, and unrestricted RTP (URTP) in a cohort of collegiate soccer players.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Recovery After Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes With Self-Reported Pre-Injury Migraines.

Pre-injury migraines might be a risk factor for prolonged recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC). We sought to examine whether a pre-injury history of migraines is associated with worse recovery following SRC in collegiate athletes. Data were collected through a prospective concussion surveillance system in 11 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III college athletic programs between September 2014 and March 2020.

Symptom resolution following a repeat concussion within the same athlete.

Introduction: Repeat sport-related concussion (SRC) is anecdotally associated with prolonged recovery. Few studies have examined repeat concussion within the same athlete. We sought to explore differences in symptom burden and recovery outcomes in an individual athlete's initial and repeat SRC.

Does recovery after sport-related concussion vary by time point in a season? A multi-sport investigation.

Objective: Seasonality, or the specific point in time within a season in which the injury occurs, may have an impact on the recovery following sport-related concussions (SRCs). In a cohort of high school athletes across multiple sports, the authors sought to investigate the impact of seasonality on 1) concussion frequency, 2) acute symptom presentation (initial Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS] score), and 3) recovery outcomes, including the time to return to learn (RTL), symptom resolution (SR), and return to play (RTP).

Methods: A retrospective, single-institution, cohort study was conducted with adolescent athletes aged 14-19 years who sustained an SRC between November 2017 and April 2022 and presented to a multidisciplinary specialty concussion clinic.

Acute psychological symptom profiles in high school football players following sport-related concussion.

Objective: In a cohort of high school football athletes, the authors sought to 1) describe the proportion of those with acute psychological symptoms postconcussion, 2) determine predictors of more acute psychological symptoms postconcussion, and 3) determine if acute psychological symptoms impact recovery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of high school football athletes (14-18 years of age) who sustained a sport-related concussion between November 2017 and April 2022 and presented to a multidisciplinary concussion center was performed. Based on their Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores at the initial clinic visit, their total psychological symptom cluster score was calculated by summing their scores for the four affective symptoms (irritability, sadness, nervousness, and feeling more emotional).

Do academic accommodations help students recover following sport-related concussion? A retrospective study of 96 youth athletes.

Objective: Many schools utilize academic accommodations to help athletes return-to-learn after sport-related concussion, yet little is known about the impact of accommodations on recovery. In a cohort of adolescent athletes with sport-related concussion, the authors sought to 1) describe academic accommodations, 2) determine predictors of receiving accommodations, and 3) determine how accommodations influenced recovery, as defined by days to return-to-learn, symptom resolution, and return-to-play.

Methods: A retrospective survey study was undertaken that included all athletes between the ages of 12 and 24 years who were seen at a regional sport-related concussion center from April 1, 2020, to April 1, 2022.

Do Sport-Related Concussions Later in the Season Take Longer to Recover From?

Objective: In a cohort of high-school football athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC), we sought to investigate the role of seasonality, defined as time of injury during a season, on recovery.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Regional sport concussion center.

Positive Head Computed Tomography Findings in the Setting of Sport Head Injuries: Can These Athletes Return-to-Play?

Background: The literature on athletes with positive head computed tomography (HCT) findings in the setting of sport head injuries remains sparse.

Objective: To report the proportions of athletes with a positive HCT and compare acute injury characteristics and recovery between those with and without a positive HCT.

Methods: A retrospective, single-institution, cohort study was performed with all athletes aged 12 to 23 years seen at a regional concussion center from 11/2017 to 04/2022.

Return-to-learn after sport-related concussion: does school level matter?

Objective: Return-to-learn (RTL) after sport-related concussion (SRC) is an important yet understudied topic. The authors sought to do the following: 1) describe patterns of RTL among athletes by school level (i.e.

Mesenchymal IGF-I overexpression: paracrine effects in the intestine, distinct from endocrine actions.

Local IGF-I expression is frequently increased in intestinal mesenchyme during adaptive growth of intestinal epithelium, but paracrine growth effects of IGF-I in vivo are not defined. We tested whether overexpression of IGF-I in intestinal mesenchyme increases epithelial growth and if effects are distinct from known effects of circulating IGF-I. SMP8-IGF-I-transgenic (TG) mice overexpress IGF-I driven by an alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter.

Reduction of spontaneous and irradiation-induced apoptosis in small intestine of IGF-I transgenic mice.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) may promote survival of putative stem cells in the small intestinal epithelium. Mitosis and apoptosis were quantified in crypts of nonirradiated and irradiated IGF-I transgenic (TG) and wild-type (WT) littermates. The mean apoptotic index was significantly greater in WT vs.