Life Course Models of Child Maltreatment: Effects on General Psychopathology Outcomes in a Longitudinal Sample.

The study compared life course models (LCM; accumulation, recency, and sensitive period) of child maltreatment and general psychopathology in a large, national longitudinal data set of 1354 youth ages birth-16 years (657 boys, 53.2% Black, 59.7% <$40K caregiver income).

Gamification and motivation: Impact on delay discounting performance.

Delay discounting is a phenomenon strongly associated with impulsivity. However, in order for a measured discounting rate in an experiment to meaningfully generalize to choices made elsewhere in life, participants must provide thoughtful, engaged answers during the assessment. Classic discounting tasks may not optimize intrinsic motivation or enjoyment, and a participant who is disengaged from the task is likely to behave in a way that provides a biased estimate of their discounting function.

Measures of self-reported identity associated with sex and gender: Relations with collegiate drinking.

Objective: Quantitative research has typically relied on categorical measures of sex assigned at birth (SAAB) and gender, with heterogeneous findings in terms of their associations with alcohol-related behavior. This investigation examined continuous indices of self-identification as an alternative to categorical operationalizations in alcohol research.

Method: Eight hundred ninety-three undergraduate students (74.

Examination of social smoking classifications using a machine learning approach.

Introduction: Idiosyncratic definitions of social smoking proliferate in the literature, making cross-study comparison challenging. This project investigated and differentiated four distinct classifications of social smoking using traditional modeling techniques as well as a multilayer perceptron artificial network, a novel machine learning approach suited for heterogeneous, multidimensional data.

Methods: One hundred thirty-three adults recruited from a college in the Pacific Northwest and from Amazon Mechanical Turk, age 18 to 25 (48% men; 37% women; 8% nonbinary; 73% white; 24% Hispanic or Latinx), completed a set of self-report measures assessing common variables associated with cigarette use.

Comparison of CBD and Cannabis Use Motives.

Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, has increasingly gained popularity as a cure-all product and is now found in products across a variety of industries. Despite the surge in popularity, little remains known about individual motives and patterns of CBD use. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the similarities and differences between motives for CBD and cannabis use as well as comparing motives for younger and older users.

An experimental investigation of peer rejection and social anxiety on alcohol and cannabis use willingness: Accounting for social contexts and use cues in the laboratory.

Objective: Evidence suggests that social anxiety (SA) is a risk factor for problematic alcohol and cannabis use, particularly during states of social stress. Unfortunately, laboratory studies to date have overlooked decision-making mechanisms (e.g.

Facilitating Change in Drinking Cognitions and Behaviors Among Three Immigrant Generations of Latinx Youth Through a School-Based Intervention: Findings From a Multi-Site Clinical Trial.

Latinx youth experience disparities in the availability of and participation in evidence-based interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to examine whether Project Options, a brief, evidence-based alcohol use intervention was beneficial for Latinx participants. A total of 331 first-, second-, and third-generation immigrant Latina and Latino youth who participated in a multi-site, hybrid effectiveness/efficacy clinical trial of the intervention were selected for analyses.

Perceived Gender Match and Accepting Alcohol Offers From Peers in Emerging Adulthood.

Aims: Emerging adulthood (ages 18-25) has been associated with elevated alcohol use, yet little is known regarding gender identity and drinking contexts in this population. Our goals were to examine the effects of perceived gender match on alcohol use decision-making in social settings among emerging adults.

Methods: Participants (N = 135; 64% white, 11 transgender) completed measures of alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancies and motives, and the Collegiate-Simulated Intoxication Digital Elicitation using an established Internet panel.

Inaccuracies in survey reporting of alcohol consumption.

Background: Alcohol consumption estimates in public health predominantly rely on self-reported survey data which is likely to underestimate consumption volume. Surveys tend to ask specifically about standard drinks and provide a definition or guide in an effort to gather accurate estimates. This study aimed to investigate whether the inclusion of the term standard drinks with pictorial guide is associated with an adjustment in self-reported alcohol volume.

The interaction between parental behavior and motivations to drink alcohol in high school students.

Background: Alcohol use during adolescence has been predicted by motives to drink or abstain, as well as parental attitudes to youth drinking. As peers can provide access and opportunities to drink, permissiveness of peers' parents toward alcohol is also of importance.

Objectives: We examined whether adolescent alcohol use is predicted by motives to drink or abstain, strictness of one's own parents, alcohol permissiveness by peers' parents, and an interaction between these factors.

Real-time social stress response and subsequent alcohol use initiation among female adolescents.

Adolescents who are particularly sensitive to social stress may be vulnerable to earlier alcohol consumption and related problems. Although a small literature supports this contention, previous studies mostly relied on retrospective self-report. The current study used discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) to test whether real-time social stress responding (via laboratory induction) and social anxiety symptoms predicted 12-month alcohol onset in an alcohol-naïve sample of young female adolescents.

Drinking refusal self-efficacy: Impacts on outcomes from a multi-site early intervention trial.

This study examines relationships between drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) and outcomes in Project Options (PO), an adolescent alcohol use early intervention. 1171 US high school students (39.3% Hispanic, 59.

Towards an understanding of self-directed language as a mechanism of behavior change: A novel strategy for eliciting client language under laboratory conditions.

Introduction: Change talk (CT) and sustain talk (ST) are thought to reflect underlying motivation and be important mechanisms of behavior change (MOBCs). However, greater specificity and experimental rigor is needed to establish CT and ST as MOBCs. Testing the effects of self-directed language under laboratory conditions is one promising avenue.

The Spirit Is Willing, But the Flesh is Weak: Why Young People Drink More Than Intended on Weekend Nights-An Event-Level Study.

Background: Heavy alcohol use is common among young adults on weekend nights and is assumed to be intentional. However, little is known about the extent to which heavy consumption is planned prior to the onset of drinking and what factors contribute to drinking more than intended. This study investigates drinking intentions at the beginning of an evening and individual and situational factors associated with a subsequent consumption over the course of multiple nights.

Drinking Motives and Willingness to Drink Alcohol in Peer Drinking Contexts.

Drinking motives are important proximal predictors of alcohol consumption in adolescents and emerging adults (EAs). Despite the importance of peer context on alcohol use decision-making, research on drinking motives is commonly divorced from the contexts where such decisions are made. Behavioral willingness (BW), or openness to engaging in a given behavior, is a contextually dependent aspect of nondeliberative decision-making for youth.

Impact of Ethnic Composition on Mechanisms of Change in School-Based Substance Use Intervention Groups.

Delivering alcohol use intervention services in the school setting represents a key approach to engaging youth of all backgrounds, particularly underserved populations, in such programming. Relative progress has been made toward implementing culturally responsive services for youth; however, little is known about the role of ethnic composition on group processes purported to underlie mechanisms of change. We examined associations between ethnic group composition and therapeutic processes within a voluntary, school-based alcohol use intervention at seven schools across three cities (N groups = 353).

Engagement and Retention of Ethnically Diverse Adolescents to a Voluntary, School-Based Alcohol Use Intervention.

Increasing access to and utilization of alcohol use services for ethnically diverse adolescents remains an important public health concern. This study examined whether a voluntary, school-based, developmentally-tailored alcohol use intervention (i.e.

A novel application in the study of client language: Alcohol and marijuana-related statements in substance-using adolescents during a simulation task.

The current study explored whether laboratory-based techniques can provide a strategy for studying client language as a mechanism of behavior change. Specifically, this study examined the potential of a simulation task to elicit healthy talk, or self-motivational statements in favor of healthy behavior, related to marijuana and alcohol use. Participants (N = 84) were adolescents reporting at least 10 lifetime substance use episodes recruited from various community settings in an urban Pacific Northwest setting.

Peer Victimization and Adolescent Adjustment: Does School Belonging Matter?

Recent research highlights the role of peer victimization in students' adjustment across a variety of domains (e.g., academic, social), but less often identifies potential mediating variables.

Drinking, abstinence, and academic motives: Relationships among multiple motivational domains and alcohol use in college students.

Background: Drinking, abstinence, and academic motives have been previously linked with alcohol consumption in high school and college students; however, little research has examined the impact of such sources of motivations concurrently.

Objective: Drawing from self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000), the current study tested the hypothesis that alcohol-related and academic motives would be associated with one another along internal vs. external focused dimensions.

Marijuana use/cessation expectancies and marijuana use in college students.

Background: Research suggests that marijuana expectancies are associated with problematic marijuana use; however, these marijuana-related cognitions remain relatively understudied.

Objective: This study examined marijuana-related decision-making among college students by exploring the relationships among marijuana expectancies and marijuana use variables.

Method: College students (N = 357) endorsing lifetime marijuana use completed an online survey on marijuana use expectancies, marijuana cessation expectancies, marijuana use, and future marijuana use intentions.