Impact of personalized diabetes care on distress and treatment satisfaction in people with breast cancer.

Aims: In patients with breast cancer (BCa) and diabetes (DM), diabetes distress (DD) and treatment satisfaction (DTS) can influence BCa management and outcomes. We assessed the impact of implementing a personalized diabetes care model in patients with BCa.

Methods: Patients in active treatment or surveillance for BCa with an HbA1c > 53 mmol/mol (7%) or random blood glucose >11.

Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that pramlintide would reduce hypoglycaemia by slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial glucagon secretion, thus limiting postprandial glycaemic excursions and insulin secretion, and thus to determine the efficacy of pramlintide on frequency and severity of hypoglycaemia in post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH).

Materials And Methods: Participants with PBH following gastric bypass were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts for an open-label study of pramlintide efficacy over 8 weeks. Twenty-three participants were assessed for eligibility, 20 participants had at least one pramlintide dose, and 14 completed the study.

Blastocyst development after fertilization with in vitro spermatids derived from nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells.

Objective: To demonstrate that functional spermatids can be derived in vitro from nonhuman primate pluripotent stem cells.

Design: Green fluorescent protein-labeled, rhesus macaque nonhuman primate embryonic stem cells (nhpESCs) were differentiated into advanced male germ cell lineages using a modified serum-free spermatogonial stem cell culture medium. In vitro-derived round spermatid-like cells (rSLCs) from differentiated nhpESCs were assessed for their ability to fertilize rhesus oocytes by intracytoplasmic sperm(atid) injection.

Detrimental effects of flame retardant, PBB153, exposure on sperm and future generations.

In 1973, the Velsicol Chemical Company, which manufactured FireMaster, a brominated flame retardant, and NutriMaster, a nutritional supplement, mistakenly shipped hundreds of pounds of FireMaster to grain mills around Michigan where it was incorporated into animal feed and then into the food chain across the state. An estimated 6.5 million Michigan residents consumed polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)-laced animal products leading to one of the largest agricultural accidents in U.

Ubiquitous Flame-Retardant Toxicants Impair Spermatogenesis in a Human Stem Cell Model.

Sperm counts have rapidly declined in Western males over the past four decades. This rapid decline remains largely unexplained, but exposure to environmental toxicants provides one potential explanation for this decline. Flame retardants are highly prevalent and persistent in the environment, but many have not been assessed for their effects on human spermatogenesis.

Metabolic Effects of Betaine: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Betaine Supplementation in Prediabetes.

Context: Plasma betaine correlates with insulin sensitivity in humans. Betaine supplementation improves metabolic effects in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Objective: To assess metabolic effects of oral betaine in obese participants with prediabetes.

Design and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Low-Glucose Prediction Algorithm with Mini-Dose Stable Glucagon Delivery in Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia.

Background: Postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a complication of bariatric surgery with limited therapeutic options. We developed an event-based system to predict and detect hypoglycemia based on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data and recommend delivery of minidose liquid glucagon.

Methods: We performed an iterative development clinical study employing a novel glucagon delivery system: a Dexcom CGM connected to a Windows tablet running a hypoglycemia prediction algorithm and an Omnipod pump filled with an investigational stable liquid glucagon formulation.

Folic acid use by women with epilepsy: Findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and predictors of folic acid (FA) use by women with epilepsy (WWE) at risk of unintended pregnancy.

Methods: These retrospective data come from the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) web-based survey of 1144 WWE in the community, 18-47years, who provided demographic, epilepsy, AED, contraception, pregnancy, healthcare visits and FA data. We report prevalence and predictors of FA use in relation to risk of pregnancy (not at risk, at risk, seeking pregnancy, pregnant), demographics, seizure types and AED and contraception categories.

Reasons for discontinuation of reversible contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy.

Objective: To report the reasons for discontinuation of contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy (WWE).

Methods: These retrospective data come from a web-based survey regarding the contraceptive practices of 1,144 WWE in the community, ages 18-47 years. We determined the frequencies of contraceptive discontinuations and the reasons for discontinuation.

Salsalate improves glycaemia in overweight persons with diabetes risk factors of stable statin-treated cardiovascular disease: A 30-month randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To assess long-term efficacy and safety of salsalate to improve glycemia in persons with diabetes risk, who are overweight with statin-treated, stable coronary heart disease.

Methods: Glycemic status was assessed in 192 persons without diabetes at baseline in a pre-specified secondary analysis from Targeting INflammation Using SALsalate in CardioVascular Disease (TINSAL-CVD), a multi-center, double-masked, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial.

Results: Participants were mostly Caucasian males, age 60±7 years, BMI 31.

Predictors of unintended pregnancy in women with epilepsy.

Objective: To determine whether rates of unintended pregnancy in women with epilepsy (WWE) vary by contraceptive category and when stratified by antiepileptic drug (AED) category.

Methods: These retrospective data come from the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) web-based survey of 1,144 WWE in the community, 18-47 years of age, who provided demographic, epilepsy, AED, contraceptive, and pregnancy data. Participants indicated whether pregnancies were intended or unintended, as well as the type of contraceptive and AED used at conception.

Effect of Targeting Inflammation With Salsalate: The TINSAL-CVD Randomized Clinical Trial on Progression of Coronary Plaque in Overweight and Obese Patients Using Statins.

Importance: Inflammation may contribute to pathological associations among obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To determine whether targeting inflammation using salsalate compared with placebo reduces progression of noncalcified coronary artery plaque.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In the Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Cardiovascular Disease (TINSAL-CVD) trial participants were randomly assigned between September 23, 2008, and July 5, 2012, to 30 months of salsalate or placebo in addition to standard, guideline-based therapies.

Differential impact of contraceptive methods on seizures varies by antiepileptic drug category: Findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether categories of contraception differ in their impact on seizures in women with epilepsy and whether the impact varies by antiepileptic drug category.

Methods: Retrospective survey data came from 2712 contraceptive experiences reported by 1144 women with epilepsy. We compared risk ratios for reports of increase and decrease in seizure frequency on hormonal versus nonhormonal contraception, stratified by antiepileptic drug categories.

Contraceptive practices of women with epilepsy: Findings of the epilepsy birth control registry.

Objective: To report the contraceptive practices of women with epilepsy (WWE) in the community, predictors of highly effective contraception use, and reasons WWE provide for the selection of a particular method.

Methods: These cross-sectional data come from the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) web-based survey regarding the contraceptive practices of 1,144 WWE in the community, ages 18-47 years. We report demographic, epilepsy, and antiepileptic drug (AED) characteristics as well as contraceptive use.

Distribution of seizures across the menstrual cycle in women with epilepsy.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether seizure frequency and cycle days with seizure occurrence vary across the menstrual cycle. The subjects were the first 100 women with intractable focal onset seizures, 13-45 years old, who completed the baseline phase of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Progesterone Trial. Each subject recorded seizures and menses during a 3-month baseline phase.

Glycemia and cognitive function in metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.

Objective: Higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is associated with lower cognitive function in type 2 diabetes. To determine whether associations persist at lower levels of dysglycemia in patients who have established cardiovascular disease, cognitive performance was assessed in the Targeting INflammation Using SALsalate in CardioVascular Disease (TINSAL-CVD) trial.

Methods: The age-adjusted relationships between HbA1c and cognitive performance measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test, and Categorical Verbal Fluency were assessed in 226 men with metabolic syndrome and established stable coronary artery disease.

Variation of seizure frequency with ovulatory status of menstrual cycles.

Purpose: To determine if seizure frequency differs between anovulatory and ovulatory cycles.

Methods: The data came from the 3-month baseline phase of an investigation of progesterone therapy for intractable focal onset seizures. Of 462 women who enrolled, 281 completed the 3-month baseline phase and 92 had both anovulatory and ovulatory cycles during the baseline phase.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women with epilepsy: relationships to potential epileptic, antiepileptic drug, and reproductive endocrine factors.

The purpose of this prospective observational investigation was to determine whether the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and the severity of PMDD symptoms differ between women with epilepsy and controls without epilepsy and whether there exists a relationship between the severity of PMDD symptoms and some epileptic, antiepileptic drug, and reproductive endocrine features. The results suggest that epilepsy, antiepileptic drug levels, ovulatory status, and hormone levels and ratios may all influence PMDD in women with epilepsy. PMDD severity scores may be greater in people with right-sided than in those with left-sided epilepsy, and in people with temporal than in those with nontemporal epileptic foci.

A comparison of anastrozole and testosterone versus placebo and testosterone for treatment of sexual dysfunction in men with epilepsy and hypogonadism.

Hyposexuality is commonly associated with low bioavailable testosterone (BAT) and relative estradiol elevation in men with epilepsy. This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial compared the effects of depotestosterone+the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (T-A) versus depotestosterone+placebo (T-P) on sexual function, hormone levels, mood, and seizure frequency in men with epilepsy. Forty men with focal epilepsy, hyposexuality, and hypogonadism were randomized 1:1 to two groups (T-A or T-P) for a 3-month treatment trial of depotestosterone+either anastrozole or matching placebo.

Circalunar and ultralunar periodicities in women with partial seizures.

Purpose: Little consensus exists for the definition of catamenial epilepsy. Few studies have evaluated the periodicity of seizures to test the hypothesis that seizures in women have periodic patterns of occurrence independent of a priori hormonal considerations. In the present study, we determined seizure periodicity according to a "menstrual clock" provided by a common phase marker of the onset of menses.

The effect of seizure severity on quality of life in epilepsy.

Seizure severity is an important aspect of epilepsy. The relationship between seizure severity and quality of life in epilepsy, however, has been incompletely explored. With a data set of 118 women from the baseline phase of a clinical treatment trial, the relationship between seizure severity and aspects of quality of life was evaluated.

Hormone replacement therapy in women with epilepsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Purpose: Previous reports have suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could increase seizure activity in women with epilepsy. We sought to determine whether adding HRT to the medication regimen of postmenopausal women with epilepsy was associated with an increase in seizure frequency.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of HRT on seizure frequency in postmenopausal women with epilepsy, taking stable doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and within 10 years of their last menses.

Sexual hormones and epilepsy: threat and opportunities.

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews recent developments in our knowledge of the reciprocal interactions between epilepsy and sex hormones and how these interactions may play a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of both.

Recent Findings: Community studies confirm that menstrual disorders are overrepresented among women with epilepsy, especially among women with high seizure frequency and in those on valproate or polytherapy. Reproductive function is not affected in women with epilepsy who discontinued antiepileptic drug therapy during pubertal maturation.