Association of physical function with hospital readmissions among older adults: A systematic review.

Background: Hospital readmissions pose significant burdens on healthcare systems, particularly among older adults. While efforts to reduce readmissions have historically focused on medical management, emerging evidence suggests physical function may also play a role in successful care transitions. However, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between functional measures and readmission risk.

Formal Parental Leave Policies and Trainee Well-Being in US Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review.

Variability in parental leave policies across graduate medical education (GME) programs in the United States complicates efforts to support resident wellness and identify best practices for resident well-being. This review aims to assess how formal parental leave policies affect trainees' well-being, professional satisfaction, and performance during training. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines was conducted and registered on PROSPERO in May 2023.

Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1) in ovarian cancer: A scoping literature review.

High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and the deadliest histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. HGSC is a therapeutic challenge, as it recurs in 80 % of patients diagnosed, often as chemoresistant disease. The mechanism of this chemoresistance is not fully elucidated, but it is partly attributed to the ability of HGSC to maintain a stem-like phenotype that enables development of resistance to current therapies.

The Safety and Efficacy of Baked Egg and Milk Dietary Advancement Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cow's milk and egg allergy affect approximately 1.9% and 0.9% of children, respectively.

Effectiveness of preconception weight loss interventions on fertility in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: Weight loss before conception is recommended for women with overweight or obesity to improve fertility outcomes, but evidence supporting this recommendation is mixed.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of weight loss interventions using lifestyle modification and/or medication in women with overweight or obesity on pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage.

Data Sources: An electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature was conducted through July 6, 2022, via Wiley.

Criteria for Enrollment of Patients With COPD in Palliative Care Trials: A Systematic Review.

Context: Use of palliative care interventions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased in recent years and inclusion criteria used to identify patients with COPD appropriate for palliative care vary widely. We evaluated the inclusion criteria to identify ways to improve enrollment opportunities for patients with COPD.

Objectives: To determine inclusion criteria used to select patients with COPD for palliative care trials.

Considerations and Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cloacal Anomalies: A Scoping Review of Urologic, Colorectal, Gynecologic and Psychosocial Concerns.

The objective of this scoping review is to provide a summary of the current literature regarding adolescents and young adults with histories of cloacal anomalies. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews were used. Data were categorized into four domains-urologic, colorectal, gynecologic/obstetric, and sexual/psychosocial.

Is low-dose naltrexone effective in chronic pain management?

YES. Low-dose naltrexone is as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and has a superior safety profile (strength of recommendation [SOR], B; single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Low-dose naltrexone significantly reduced pain by 32% in inflammatory conditions and 44% in neuropathic conditions (SOR, B; single retrospective cohort study).

A Transgender Health Information Resource: Participatory Design Study.

Background: Despite the abundance of health information on the internet for people who identify as transgender and gender diverse (TGD), much of the content used is found on social media channels, requiring individuals to vet the information for relevance and quality.

Objective: We developed a prototype transgender health information resource (TGHIR) delivered via a mobile app to provide credible health and wellness information for people who are TGD.

Methods: We partnered with the TGD community and used a participatory design approach that included focus groups and co-design sessions to identify users' needs and priorities.

Does hormone replacement therapy prevent cognitive decline in postmenopausal women?

NO. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not prevent cognitive decline in postmenopausal women-and in fact, it may slightly increase risk (strength of recommendation, A; systematic review, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs], and individual RCT).

Nurses' rationale for underreporting of patient and visitor perpetrated workplace violence: a systematic review.

Background: Patient and visitor perpetrated workplace violence (WPV) is a problem within healthcare and is known to be underreported by nurses and other healthcare workers. However, there are multiple and diverse reasons identified in the literature as to why nurses do not report. This systematic review aimed to investigate nurses' reasons and rationale related to underreporting of violence that occurs in the workplace.

Community Engagement in Research and Design of a Transgender Health Information Resource.

Background: Access to credible and relevant health care information is an unmet need for the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) community. This paper describes the community engagement methods and resulting community priorities as part of a codesign process for the development of a Transgender Health Information Resource (TGHIR) application.

Methods: A lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer advocacy organization and an academic health sciences team partnered to establish a community advisory board (CAB) of TGD individuals, parents of TGD individuals, and clinicians with expertise in transgender health to inform the project.

Co-design of the Transgender Health Information Resource: Web-Based Participatory Design.

Background: There is an urgent and unmet need for accessible and credible health information within the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) community. Currently, TGD individuals often seek and must find relevant resources by vetting social media posts. A resource that provides accessible and credible health-related resources and content via a mobile phone app may have a positive impact on and support the TGD population.

Proinflammatory cytokines levels in sepsis and healthy volunteers, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated sepsis mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sepsis is a global health challenge associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Detrimental sepsis effects are attributed to excessive inflammation or a "cytokine storm." However, anti-inflammation therapies have failed to lower sepsis mortality.

Do behavioral interventions improve nighttime sleep in children < 1 year old?

YES. Infants respond to behavioral interventions, although objective data are limited. Behavioral interventions include establishing regular daytime and sleep routines for the infant, reducing environmental noises or distractions, and allowing for self-soothing at bedtime (strength of recommendation: B, based on multiple randomized and nonrandomized studies).

Are antipsychotics effective adjunctive Tx for patients with moderate-to-severe depression?

YES. Augmentation with second generation antipsychotics, especially aripiprazole and quetiapine, appears to be effective in patients with moderate-to-severe depression who have had a suboptimal response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and an individual RCT). Augmenting antidepressant therapy with cariprazine, ziprasidone, or olanzapine also appears to improve depressive symptoms over the short term.

Prehospital triage tools across the world: a scoping review of the published literature.

Background: Accurate triage of the undifferentiated patient is a critical task in prehospital emergency care. However, there is a paucity of literature synthesizing currently available prehospital triage tools. This scoping review aims to identify published tools used for prehospital triage globally and describe their performance characteristics.