"I Like the Vibes it Gives": Adolescent Perspectives on Cannabis Billboards and Print Advertising in Nevada.

An influx of laws permitting recreational cannabis sales in the US has allowed for increased advertising. The purpose of this study was to describe how adolescents perceive outdoor and print cannabis advertising and to identify aspects of advertising that are appealing or eye-catching, focusing on five themes: price promotion, sex appeal, wellness, party, and text-only. We recruited adolescents ages 11-17 to participate in seven focus groups (44 participants) from 2019 to 2020.

Increasing lifetime and past 30-day marijuana use among middle school students regardless of recreational marijuana sales.

Purpose: This study investigated whether adult use marijuana sales were associated with changes in lifetime and past 30-day (P30D) marijuana use among middle school students in Nevada (NV), which had adult-use marijuana sales during the study period, compared to New Mexico (NM), which did not have adult-use marijuana sales during the study period.

Methods: Data were drawn from the middle school 2017 and 2019 NV Youth Risk Behavior and NM Youth Risk and Resiliency Surveys. Difference-in-difference analyses compare changes in lifetime and P30D marijuana use in NV (adult-use sales implemented July 2017) vs.

Protective Environmental Factors and Opioid Use Among Sexual Minority Youth.

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) is a pressing public health concern and affects sexual minority youth (SMY) at greater rates than heterosexual youth. We investigated whether protective environmental factors-(1) Human Rights Campaign's state equality index (SEI) and (2) supportive school environments for LGBTQ youth, influenced NMUPO among SMY and non-SMY students. We combined data from the 2017-2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2016-2018 School Health Profiles, state-level socio-demographic and SEI data across 24 states (N=156,149).

Adverse childhood experiences, antenatal stressful life events, and marijuana use during pregnancy: A population-based study.

Cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and antenatal stressful life events (ASLEs) are independently associated with marijuana use during pregnancy. However, research has not explored how both exposures may influence marijuana use jointly. Assessing the joint associations of ACEs and recent ASLEs on marijuana use can identify people who may benefit from early intervention.

Multilevel Risk and Protective Factors for Frequent and Nonfrequent Past-30-Day Marijuana Use: Findings From a Representative Sample of High School Youth.

Objective: Research has identified many factors associated with past-30-day (P30D) marijuana use among youth but has not assessed factors that may differentiate youth who use frequently from youth who do not. We took a multilevel approach to identify and compare risk and protective factors associated with frequent and nonfrequent P30D marijuana use among high school students.

Method: Individual-level data were obtained from the 2019 Nevada Youth Risk Behavior Survey (completed by 4,980 high school youth from 99 schools); school-level data were obtained from the state's Department of Education.

Associations between Circumstances Surrounding Overdose and Underlying Classes of Polysubstance Overdose Deaths.

Background: The overdose crisis is worsening, with polysubstance overdose deaths involving psychostimulants increasing in the U.S. Substance-specific prevention and intervention activities may not be as effective for polysubstance use, so we sought to classify substances used among overdose decedents to identify unique factors related to these classes.

Youth Assets and Initiation of Sexual Intercourse by Family Structure: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the protective influence of individual, family, and community assets from the initiation of sexual intercourse (ISI) for adolescents living in one-parent households compared with adolescents living in two-parent households.

Methods: Five waves of data were collected annually over a 4-year period ( = 591, 52.5% female, mean age = 14.

Adverse childhood experiences and past 30-day cannabis use among middle and high school students: The protective influence of families and schools.

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a risk factor for adolescent cannabis use (CU). We explored whether family communication and school connectedness can offer direct protection (the compensatory model of resiliency) or moderating protection (the protective factors model of resiliency). Using cluster random sampling, a Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) was conducted with 5,341 middle school and 4,980 high school students in 2019.

Cannabis use and driving under the influence: Behaviors and attitudes by state-level legal sale of recreational cannabis.

Background: As states continue to legalize the sale of recreational cannabis, there is a need to study attitudes and behaviors regarding driving after cannabis use. The purpose of this study was to describe US adults' attitudes and behaviors regarding driving after cannabis use by state-level legal sale of recreational cannabis, and to determine whether these associations differ by frequency of cannabis use.

Methods: Data were collected from a national sample of 17,112 adults in the United States.

Prospective relationships between youth assets, negative life events, and binge drinking in a longitudinal cohort of the youth.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individual, family, and community assets can 1) protect youth from binge drinking in the face of negative life events and 2) modify the relationship between negative life events and binge drinking.

Methods: Data from waves 2-5 of the Youth Asset Study were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between negative life events, assets, and binge drinking.

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences and early initiation of electronic vapor product use among middle school students in Nevada.

Introduction: The use of electronic vapor products (EVPs) among youth has increased significantly in recent years, yet little is known about factors associated with initiation of EVPs during early adolescence. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between chronic exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and early initiation of EVPs in a representative sample of middle school students.

Methods: 5,464 students from 113 middle schools (grades 6-8) completed the Nevada Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) in the spring of 2017.

A longitudinal study of the protective influence of youth assets on juvenile arrest.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the separate and cumulative influence of individual, family and community assets on juvenile arrest rates in a cohort of youth.

Methods: Five waves of data were collected from 1111 youth and their parents living in randomly sampled census tracts in a Midwestern state. Computer-assisted, in-person data collection methods were used to measure assets within individual (six assets), family (four assets) and community (six assets) domains.

Youth assets and alcohol-related problems among male and female youth: Results from a longitudinal cohort study.

Youth who experience alcohol-related problems are at increased risk for developing alcohol dependence. Identifying factors associated with adolescent alcohol-related problems is essential, but most studies have focused on risk factors or a limited number of protective factors, with little attention to sex differences. We assessed the prospective association between 17 assets and alcohol-related problems among male and female youth.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychological Distress in Juvenile Offenders: The Protective Influence of Resilience and Youth Assets.

Purpose: To examine whether internal resiliency and external assets directly protect juvenile offenders exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) from psychological distress and moderate the relationship between ACE exposure and psychological distress.

Methods: A total of 429 male and female adolescents involved with juvenile justice systems in a Western state completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview. Validated measures assessed ACEs, psychological distress, internal resiliency, and external youth assets.

The Revised Youth Asset Survey (YAS-R).

Purpose: The study's purpose was to improve the psychometric properties of the Youth Asset Survey (YAS).

Design: Longitudinal cohort study with youth and parents recruited via door-to-door canvassing to participate in a 5-wave, 4-year study that assessed prospective associations among youth assets and youth health-related behaviors. Additional test items were added in the last 2 waves of a study to improve the YAS.

Sexual Orientation and Depressive Symptoms Among High School Students in Jiangxi Province.

Research in western countries has shown that adolescents who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about this relationship among adolescents in China. A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1816 high school students in Jiangxi province. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms.

Relationships among physical activity, sleep duration, diet, and academic achievement in a sample of adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among physical activity, sleep duration, diet, and academic achievement in a sample of adolescents from the US state of Nevada. A two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit Nevadan adolescents (N = 4625). The 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to students within public, private, and charter schools.

An Investigation of Youth Assets and Physical Activity and BMI Using a Longitudinal Cohort Design.

Purpose: Substantial research has demonstrated that assets (eg, family communication, school connectedness) protect youth from participation in numerous risk behaviors. However, very few studies have explored the relationship between assets and positive health behaviors. This study investigated prospective associations among assets and physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI).

Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Among Youths Living in Group Care Homes: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To determine if the Power Through Choices (PTC) intervention can increase the use of birth control and reduce pregnancy among system-involved youths living in group care homes.

Methods: We performed a 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial involving group care homes operated by child welfare or juvenile justice systems in California, Maryland, and Oklahoma with assessments immediately before and after the intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. We collected data from 2012 to 2014 via self-administered questionnaires.

Community-Level Exposure to the Rural Mining Industry: The Potential Influence on Early Adolescent Alcohol and Tobacco Use.

Purpose: Rural youth have higher rates of alcohol and tobacco use compared to their urban counterparts. However, the economic dependence of rural communities may differentially influence risk behaviors. While research has shown that adults working in mining have elevated rates of alcohol and tobacco use, the influence of living in a mining community on early adolescent substance use is unknown.