Household Transmission of Mpox to Children and Adolescents, California, 2022.

Background: In California, the 2022 mpox outbreak cumulated 5572 cases, 20% of US cases, as of November 28, 2022; 0.3% of cases were among children <16 years old. The secondary attack rate (SAR) for children sharing households with infected adults is unknown.

Interferon-γ Release Assays for Tuberculosis Infection Diagnosis in Refugees <5 Years Old.

Background: New guidelines support using interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) in children ≥2 years for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, lack of experience in young children and concern that IGRAs are less sensitive than tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) limit their use. Our aim was to identify active tuberculosis (TB) cases among high risk children <5 years and tested for LTBI with an IGRA.

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: The Devastating Measles Complication That Might Be More Common Than Previously Estimated.

Background: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal complication of measles. We reviewed California cases from 1998-2015 to understand risk factors for SPPE and estimate incidence.

Methods: SSPE cases had clinically compatible symptoms and measles antibody detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or medical record documentation of SSPE.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-associated AmpC Escherichia coli outbreak.

Background: We identified an outbreak of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems (CR) among 7 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012-August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in a bla CMY gene and a distinctive fumC/ fimH typing profile.

Objective: To determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CR E.

Tsukamurella catheter-related bloodstream infection in a pediatric patient with pulmonary hypertension.

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) are important complications in patients with long-term indwelling central venous catheters. In this report, we present the case of a 14-year-old male with pulmonary hypertension treated with continuous treprostinil infusion, who presented with a CR-BSI caused by a Tsukamurella species. This case highlights the potential for this unusual organism to cause infection in immunocompetent patients.